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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What documents are contained in the patient's chart?
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lab results
x-ray reports consents history & physical allergies |
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This must be signed before any surgical procedure can be performed.
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Informed consent.
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What are some of the risks listed in the informed consent?
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bleeding
infection death brain injury thrombosis |
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When is a patient not allowed to sign an informed consent?
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After administration of preoperative medication or when patient is mentally impaired.
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If the patient cannot give informed consent, who can?
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The next of kin or two surgeons in an emergency or a witnessed telephone consent from next of kin.
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Nail polish should be removed so as not to interfere with this.
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Pulse oximeter
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Preoperative meds are administered why?
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to sedate
decrease secretions to prevent allergic reactions |
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NPO means?
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nothing by mouth
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These use pressure to prevent venous stasis.
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antiembolic stockings
venous compression devices |
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How is a patient identified?
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By asking them their name and by the ID bracelet.
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How is a surgical patient transported to the OR?
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on a gurney, their own hospital bed or a wheelchair-a child may be carried.
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When pushing a gurney, which end goes first?
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Feet first unless into an elevator, then head first.
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If a patient is left alone in the hall or holding area, what could you be charged with?
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Abondoning a patient
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Where should the safety strap be placed for abdomonal surgery?
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Placed 2" proximal to the knees
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What is meant by tucking the arms?
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Securing the patient's arms to their side using the draw sheet
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What injury can result from improper positioning of the arms?
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Ulnar nerve damage
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When is the patient positioned?
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After the administration of anesthesia.
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How are the legs moved during positioning?
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Slowly and simultaneously.
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How many personnel are required to safely move an immobile patient?
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4
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This is done to protect pressure points and bony prominences.
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Padding
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Who directs the moving of the patient during positioning?
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The anesthesia provider.
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How are the armboards positioned?
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Must not extend beyond a 90 degree angle.
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What are the three basic positions?
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supine
prone lateral |
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Is it ever permissable for the patient to cross their legs during positioning?
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no never
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What part of the foot needs padding?
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The heels
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Another name for the supine position is?
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dorsal recumbent
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During the induction phase of anesthesia, what position is the patient typically in?
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supine
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Regions accessible while in the supine position?
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pelvis upper extremity
anterior lower extremity abdomen chest shoulder head and neck |
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What is the Trendelenburg position?
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supine with the head lower than the feet
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What is the Reverse Trendelenburg position?
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supine with the head higher than the feet
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What body regions may be accessed using the Trendelenburg position?
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pelvis
lower abdomen |
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What body regions may be accessed using the Reverse Trendelenburg position?
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upper abdomen
head and neck |
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Describe Fowler's position.
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Supine with the legs lowered and the body section raised.
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Body regions accessed while in the Fowler's position.
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breast
head and neck shoulder |
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These are used to position the patient in lithotomy position.
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stirrups or candy canes
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Body regions accessed while in lithotomy position.
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perineom
anus and rectum vagina urethra |
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The patient is anesthesized on another table or gurney prior to being placed in this position.
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prone
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Body regions accessed while in prone position.
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posterior lower extremity
dorsal body surface spine posterior cranium |
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Chest rolls may be used in this position.
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prone
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Particular attention must be paid to these areas when positioning in prone position.
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breasts
external genitalia |
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Another name for the Kraske position is?
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Jackknife
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Body regions accessed while in Kraske position.
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anus
pilonidal area |
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Where are the hips located in the Kraske position?
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over the table break
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In the Kraske position, this may be used to expose the anus.
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Tape may be used to separate the cheeks of the buttocks.
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Another name for the Lateral position is?
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lateral recumbent
lateral decubitus |
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Body regions accessed while in lateral position.
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retroperitoneal space
hip hemithorax |
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In the lateral position, the lower leg is?
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flexed
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Where is the safety strap placed while in lateral position?
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over the hip
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What is placed between the knees and ankles in lateral position?
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pillows
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Where are the arms placed in the lateral position?
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on double armboards
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What positioning aid may be used during lateral positioning?
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Bean bag
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How are the legs positioned in lateral position?
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the upper leg is straight and lower leg is flexed
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Body regions accessed during Kidney position.
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retroperitoneal space
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Positioning device used in Kidney position.
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kidney rest
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Which side is the patient positioned on in the Sims' position?
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left lateral
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Body regions accessed while in Sims' position.
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anus especially during endoscopic procedures
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Four ways intraoperative heat loss occurs.
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Radiation
convection conduction evaporation |
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Shivering can cause this.
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increased oxygen consumption
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Two devices used to control body temperature.
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forced air blanket
water-circulating blanket |
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Vital signs include-
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pulse
respiration temperature blood pressure |
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This structure regulates body temperature.
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hypothalamus
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Normal rectal temp is.
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99.6 F
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What two phases of heart action is the pulse composed of?
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systole
diastole |
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The pulse is usually taken here.
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Radial artery
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Pulse rate is measured how?
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Number of heart beats is counted for 1 minute
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Bradycardia is-
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Pulse rate less than 60
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Tachycardia is-
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pulse rate greater than 100
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Tachypnia is-
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very rapid respirations
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Define blood pressure.
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the pressure of the blood against the walls of the blood vessels.
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Systole is-
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the contraction phase of the heart
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diasytole is-
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the relaxation phase of the heart
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Where is the stethoscope placed when taking blood pressure?
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over the brachial artery
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The most common method of draining the bladder is-
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uretheral catherization
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This must be observed when performing catherization to prevent infection.
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strict aseptic technique
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Indications for catherization are-
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drain the bladder
irrigate the bladder decompress the bladder control of bleeding |
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The balloon of the catheter is inflated with this.
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sterile water
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How much water is necessary to inflate a 5cc balloon?
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10 cc
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The urinary bag is placed-
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below the level of the bladder where anesthesia provider can see it
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If a patient is allergic to latex, what is used for catherization?
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a teflon or silicone catheter is used
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Name 3 types of catheters.
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Foley
Red Robinson Coude tip |
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A red robinson is used for what?
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to do an in and out straight cath to drain the bladder.
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During male uretheral catherization, what particular consideration must be observed?
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The foreskin must be pulled back and replaced at end of procedure to avoid injury.
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Which catheter is larger, 8 FR OR 30 FR?
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30 FR
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What position should the female patient be in for urinary catherization?
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supine and legs "frog-legged"
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Which hand must never return to the sterile set up during uretheral catherization after touching the skin?
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The non-dominate hand.
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This must be done to the catheter prior to use.
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Check balloon for leaks.
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During skin prep, how do you handle a stoma?
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cover stoma with sponge and prep surrounding area first, then contaminated area last.
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Rule of thumb when doing a skin prep.
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Prep from clean to dirty using a circular motion starting at incision site.
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Towels are placed beside the patient to do what?
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To prevent pooling of solutions that can cause burns
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Cotton -tipped applicators are used to -
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clean the umbilicus
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