Chapter 8 Female Reproductive System

Front 1

ovaries

Back 1

pair of almond shaped organs located int he pelvic cavity. Egg cells are formed and stored in the ovaries.

Front 2

ovum (pl. ova)

Back 2

female egg cell

Front 3

graafian follicles

Back 3

100,000 microscopic sacs that make up a large portion of the ovaries. Each follicle contains an immature ovum. Normally one graafian follicle develops to maturity monthly between puberty and menopause. It moves to the surface of the ovary and releases the ovum, which passes into the uterine tube.

Front 4

uterine, or fallopian tubes

Back 4

pair of 5 inch tubes attached to the uterus that provide a passageway for the ovum to move from the ovary to the uterus.

Front 5

fimbria (pl. fimbriae)

Back 5

finger like projection at the fee end of the uterine tube

Front 6

uterus

Back 6

pear sized and pear shaped muscular organ that lies in the pelvic cavity except during pregnancy when it enlarges and extends up into the abdominal cavity. It functions are menstruation, pregnancy and labor.

Front 7

endometrium

Back 7

inner lining of the uterus

Front 8

myometrium

Back 8

muscular middle layer of the uterus

Front 9

perimetrium

Back 9

outer thin layer that covers the surface of the uterus

Front 10

corpus, or body

Back 10

large central portion of the uterus

Front 11

fundus

Back 11

rounded upper portion of the uterus

Front 12

cervix (Cx)

Back 12

narrow lower portion of the uterus

Front 13

vagina

Back 13

a 3 inch tube that connects the uterus to the outside of the body

Front 14

hymen

Back 14

fold of a membrane found near the opening of the vagina

Front 15

rectouterine pouch

Back 15

pouch between the posterior wall of the uterus and the anterior wall of the rectum (also called the Douglas cut-de-sac)

Front 16

Bartholin glands

Back 16

pair of mucus producing glands located on each side of the vagina just above the vaginal opening

Front 17

mammary glands or breasts

Back 17

pair of milk producing glands of the female. Each breasts consists of 15 to 20 divisions, or lobes

Front 18

mammary papilla

Back 18

breast nipple

Front 19

areola

Back 19

pigmented area around the breast nipple

Front 20

vulva or external genitalia

Back 20

two pairs of lips (labia major and labia minor) that surround the vagina

Front 21

clitoris

Back 21

highly erogenous erectile body located anterior to the urethra

Front 22

perineum

Back 22

pelvic floor in both the male and female. In females it usually refers to the area between the vaginal opening and the anus

Front 23

arche/o

Back 23

first, beginning

Front 24

cervic/o

Back 24

cervix

Front 25

colp/o, vagin/o

Back 25

vagina

Front 26

culd/o

Back 26

cul-de-sac

Front 27

episi/o, vulv/o

Back 27

vulva

Front 28

gynec/o, gyn/o

Back 28

woman

Front 29

hymen/o

Back 29

hymen

Front 30

hyster/o, metr/o, metr/i

Back 30

uterus

Front 31

mamm/o, mast/o

Back 31

breast

Front 32

men/o

Back 32

menstruation

Front 33

oophor/o

Back 33

ovary

Front 34

perine/o

Back 34

perineum

Front 35

salping/o

Back 35

uterine tube (fallopian tube)

Front 36

peri

Back 36

surrounding (outer)

Front 37

atresia

Back 37

absence of a normal body opening; occlusion; closure

Front 38

salpinx

Back 38

uterine tube (fallopian tube)

Front 39

amenorrhea

Back 39

absence of menstrual discharge

Front 40

Bartholin adenitis

Back 40

inflammation of a Bartholin gland

Front 41

cervicitis

Back 41

inflammation of the cervix

Front 42

colpitis, vaginitis

Back 42

inflammation of the vagina

Front 43

dysmenorrhea

Back 43

painful menstrual discharge

Front 44

endocervicitis

Back 44

inflammation of the inner (lining) of the cervix

Front 45

endometritis

Back 45

inflammation of the inner (lining) of the uterus (endometrium)

Front 46

hematosalpinx

Back 46

blood in the uterine tube

Front 47

hydrosalpinx

Back 47

water in the uterine tube

Front 48

hysteratresia

Back 48

closure of the uterus (uterine cavity)

Front 49

mastitis

Back 49

inflammation of the breast

Front 50

menometrorrhagia

Back 50

rapid flow of blood from the uterus at menstruation ( and between menstrual cycles; increased amount)

Front 51

menorrhagia

Back 51

rapid flow of blood at menstruation (increased amount)

Front 52

metrorrhagia

Back 52

rapid flow of blood from the uterus (between menstrual cycles)

Front 53

myometritis

Back 53

inflammation of the uterine muscle (myometrium)

Front 54

oligomenorrhea

Back 54

scanty menstrual flow (less often)

Front 55

oophoritis

Back 55

inflammation of the ovary

Front 56

perimetritis

Back 56

inflammation surround the uterus (perimetrium)

Front 57

pyosalpinx

Back 57

pus in the uterine tube

Front 58

salpingitis

Back 58

inflammation of the uterine tube

Front 59

salpingocele

Back 59

hernia of the uterine tube

Front 60

vulvovaginitis

Back 60

inflammation of the vulva and vagina

Front 61

adenomyosis

Back 61

growth of endometrium into the muscular portion of the uterus

Front 62

breast cancer

Back 62

malignant tumor of the breast

Front 63

cervical cancer

Back 63

malignant tumor of the cervix, which progresses from cellular dysplasia to carcinoma. Its cause is linked to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection

Front 64

endometrial cancer

Back 64

malignant tumor of the endometrium (also called uterine cancer)

Front 65

endometriosis

Back 65

abnormal condition in which endometrial tissue grows outside of the uterus in various areas in the pelvic cavity, including ovaries, uterine tubes, intestines, and uterus

Front 66

fibrocystic breast disease

Back 66

a disorder characterized by one of more benign cysts in the breast

Front 67

fibroid tumor

Back 67

benign fibroid tumor of the uterine muscle (also called myopia of the uterus or leiomyoma)

Front 68

ovarian cancer

Back 68

malignant tumor of the ovary

Front 69

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Back 69

inflammation of the female pelvic organs that can be caused by many different pathogens. If untreated the infection may spread upward from the vagina involving the uterus, uterine tubes, ovaries, and other pelvic organs. An ascending infection may result in infertility and in acute cases, fatal septicemia.

Front 70

prolapsed uterus

Back 70

downward displacement of the uterus into the vagina (also called hysteroptosis)

Front 71

Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)

Back 71

a severe illness characterized by high fever, rash, vomiting, diarrhea, and myalgia, followed by hypotension and in severe cases, shock and death; usually affects menstruating women using tampons; caused by staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pyogens

Front 72

vesicovaginal fistula

Back 72

abnormal opening between the bladder and the vagina

Front 73

cervicectomy

Back 73

excision of the cervix

Front 74

colpoperineorrhaphy

Back 74

suture of the vagina and perineum (performed to mend perineal vaginal tears)

Front 75

colpoplasty

Back 75

surgical repair of the vagina

Front 76

colporrhaphy

Back 76

suture of the vagina (wall of the vagina)

Front 77

episioperineoplasty

Back 77

surgical repair of the vulva and perineum

Front 78

episiorrhaphy

Back 78

suture of (a tear in) the vulva

Front 79

hymenectomy

Back 79

excision of the hymen

Front 80

hymenotomy

Back 80

incision of the hymen

Front 81

hysterectomy

Back 81

excision of the uterus

Front 82

hysteropexy

Back 82

surgical fixation of the uterus

Front 83

hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy

Back 83

excision of the uterus, uterine tubes, and ovaries

Front 84

mammoplasty

Back 84

surgical repair of the breast (performed to enlarge or reduce in size, or to reconstruct after removal of a tumor)

Front 85

mastectomy

Back 85

surgical removal of a breast

Front 86

mastopexy

Back 86

surgical fixation of the breast (performed to lift sagging breast tissue or to create symmetry)

Front 87

oophorectomy

Back 87

excision of an ovary

Front 88

perineorrhaphy

Back 88

suture of (a tear in) the perineum

Front 89

salpingectomy

Back 89

excision of a uterine tube

Front 90

salpingo-oophorectomy

Back 90

excision of the uterine tube and ovary

Front 91

salpingostomy

Back 91

creation of an artificial opening in a uterine tube (performed to restore potency)

Front 92

vulvectomy

Back 92

excision of the vulva

Front 93

Subtotal hysterectomy

Back 93

excision of the uterus, excluding cervix

Front 94

total hysterectomy

Back 94

excision of the uterus (abdominal, vaginal, or laparoscopic)

Front 95

Panhysterectomy

Back 95

excision of the uterus, ovaries, and uterine tubes (abdominal)

Front 96

radical hysterectomy

Back 96

excision of the uterus, ovaries, uterine tubes; lymph nodes, upper portion of the vagina, and the surround tissues (abdominal)

Front 97

laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy

Back 97

vaginal excision of the uterus with the use of the laparoscope to view the abdominopelvic cavity. laparoscopic instruments are used to sever the ligaments that hold the uterus in place.

Front 98

Radical mastectomy

Back 98

removal of breast tissue, nipple, lymph nodes, and underlying chest wall muscle; also call Halsted mastectomy

Front 99

modified radical mastectomy

Back 99

removal of breast tissue, nipple, and lymph nodes

Front 100

simple mastectomy

Back 100

removal of breast tissue and nipple, also called total mastectomy

Front 101

subcutaneous mastectomy

Back 101

removal of breast tissue only, preserving the overlying skin, nipple and areola

Front 102

segmental mastectomy

Back 102

removal of a quadrant or wedge of breast tissue; also called quadrantectomy

Front 103

lumpectomy

Back 103

removal of the cancerous lesion along with a margin of surrounding healthy breast tissue; also called partial mastectomy or breast conserving surgery.

Front 104

anterior and posterior colporrhaphy (A&P Repair)

Back 104

surgical repair of a weakened vaginal wall to correct a cystocele and a rectocele.

Front 105

conization

Back 105

the surgical removal of a cone shaped area of the cervix; used in the treatment for noninvasive cervical cancer (also called cone biopsy)

Front 106

dilation and curettage (D&C)

Back 106

dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium with an instrument called a curette. It is performed to diagnose disease, to correct bleeding, and to empty uterine contents, such as tissue remaining after a miscarriage.

Front 107

endometrial ablation

Back 107

a procedure to destroy or remove the endometrium by use of laster or thermal energy; used to treat abnormal uterine bleeding

Front 108

laparoscopy or laparoscopic surgery

Back 108

visual examination of the abdominal cavity, accomplished by inserting a laparoscope through a tiny incision near the umbilicus. It is used for surgical procedures such as tubal sterilization, hysterectomy, oophorectomy, or biopsy of the ovaries. It may also be used to diagnose endometriosis.

Front 109

myomectomy

Back 109

excision of a fibroid tumor (myoma) from the uterus

Front 110

sentinel lymph node biopsy

Back 110

an injection of blue dye and or radioactive isotope used to identify the sentinel lymph nodes. the first in the axillary chain and most likely to contain metastasis of breast cancer. The nodes are removed and microscopically examined. If negative, no more nodes are removed.

Front 111

stereotactic breast biopsy

Back 111

a technique that combines mammography and computer assisted biopsy to obtain tissue from a breast lesion.

Front 112

tubal litigation

Back 112

closure of the uterine tubes for sterilization by tying (litigation) (also call tying the tubes)

Front 113

uterine artery embolization (UAE)

Back 113

minimally invasive procedure used to treat fibroids of the uterus by blocking arteries that supply blood to the fibroids. First, an arteriogram is used to identify the vessels. Once identified, tiny gelatin beads, about the size of grains of sand, are inserted into the vessels to create a blockage. The blockage stops the blood supply to the fibroids causing them to shrink.

Front 114

hysterosalpingogram

Back 114

radiographic image of the uterus and uterine tubes

Front 115

mammogram

Back 115

radiographic image of the breast

Front 116

ammography

m

Back 116

radiographic imaging of the breast also called digital mammography when mages are obtained electronically and viewed on a computer

Front 117

sonohysterography (SHG)

Back 117

process of recording the uterus by use of sound

Front 118

colposcope

Back 118

instrument used for visual examination of the vagina and cervix

Front 119

colposcopy

Back 119

visual examination with magnified view of the vagina and cervix

Front 120

culdoscope

Back 120

instrument used for visual examination of the Douglas could-de-sac rectouterine pouch

Front 121

culdoscopy

Back 121

visual examination of Douglas cul-de-sac rectouterine pouch

Front 122

hysteroscope

Back 122

instrument used for visual examination of the uterus (uterine cavity)

Front 123

hysteroscopy

Back 123

visual examination of the uterus (uterine cavity)

Front 124

culdocentesis

Back 124

surgical puncture to remove fluid from Douglas cul-de-sac (rectouterine pouch)

Front 125

transvaginal sonography (TVS)

Back 125

an ultrasound procedure that uses a transducer placed in the vagina to obtain images of the ovaries, uterus, cervix, uterine tubes and surrounding structures; used to diagnose masses such as ovarian cysts or tumors, to monitor pregnancy, and evaluate ovulation for the treatment of infertility

Front 126

CA-125 (cancer antigen-125 tumor marker)

Back 126

a blood test used in the detection of ovarian cancer. It is also used to monitor treatment and to determine the extent of the disease.

Front 127

Pap smear

Back 127

a cytological study of cervical and vaginal secretions used to determine the presences of abnormal or cancerous cells; most commonly used to detect cancers of the cervix. Also called papanicolaou smear, and pap test

Front 128

gynecologist

Back 128

a physician ho studies and treats diseases of women *female reproductive system

Front 129

gynecology (GYN)

Back 129

study of women (a branch of medicine dealing with diseases of the female reproductive system)

Front 130

gynopathic

Back 130

pertaining to diseases of women

Front 131

leukorrhea

Back 131

white discharge (from the vagina)

Front 132

mastalgia

Back 132

pain in the breast

Front 133

mastoptosis

Back 133

sagging breast

Front 134

menarche

Back 134

beginning of menstruation (usually occurring between the ages of 11 and 16)

Front 135

vaginal

Back 135

pertaining to the vagina

Front 136

vulvovaginal

Back 136

pertaining to the vulva and vagina

Front 137

dyspareunia

Back 137

difficult of painful intercourse

Front 138

fistula

Back 138

abnormal passageway between two organs or between an internal organ and the body surface

Front 139

hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

Back 139

replacement of hormones, estrogen and or progesterone, to treat symptoms associated with menopause.

Front 140

menopause

Back 140

cessation of menstruation, usually around the ages of 48 to 53

Front 141

premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

Back 141

a syndrome involving physical and emotional symptoms occurring in the 10 days before menstruation. Symptoms include nervous tension, irritability, mastalgia, edema, and headache. Its cause is nt fully understood

Front 142

speculum

Back 142

instrument for opening a body cavity to allow visual inspection.

Front 143

A&P Repair

Back 143

anterior and posterior colporrhaphy

Front 144

Cx

Back 144

Cervix

Front 145

D&C

Back 145

dilation and curettage

Front 146

FBD

Back 146

fibrocystic breast disease

Front 147

GYN

Back 147

gynecology

Front 148

HRT

Back 148

hormone replacement therapy

Front 149

PID

Back 149

pelvic inflammatory disease

Front 150

PMS

Back 150

Premenstrual syndrome

Front 151

SHG

Back 151

sonohysterography

Front 152

TAH/BSO

Back 152

total abdominal hysterectomy/bilateral sapling-oophorectomy

Front 153

TSS

Back 153

toxic shock syndrome

Front 154

TVH

Back 154

total vaginal hysterectomy

Front 155

TVS

Back 155

Transvaginal sonography

Front 156

UAE

Back 156

uterine artery embolization