Chapter 8 - Female Reproductive System

Front 1

ovaries

Back 1

pair of almond-shaped organs located in the pelvic cavity. Egg cells are formed and stored in the ovaries.

Front 2

ovum

Back 2

female egg cell

Front 3

graafian follicles

Back 3

100,000 microscopic sacs that make up a large portion of the ovaries. Each follicle contains an immature ovum. Normally on graafian follicle develops to maturity monthly between puberty and menopause. It move to the surface of the ovary and release the ovum, which passes into the uterine tube.

Front 4

uterine, or fallopian, tubes

Back 4

pair of 5-inch (12 to 13 cm) tubes, attached to the uterus, that provide a passageway for the ovum to move from the ovary to the uterus

Front 5

fimbria

Back 5

finger-like projection at the free end of the uterine tube

Front 6

uterus

Back 6

pear-sized and pear-shaped muscular organ that lies in the pelvic cavity, except during pregnancy when it enlarges and extends up into the abdominal cavity. Its functions are menstruation, pregnancy, and labor.

Front 7

endometrium

Back 7

inner lining of the uterus

Front 8

myometrium

Back 8

muscular middle layer of the uterus

Front 9

perimetrium

Back 9

outer thin layer that covers the surface of the uterus

Front 10

corpus, or body

Back 10

large central portion of the uterus

Front 11

fundus

Back 11

rounded upper portion of the uterus

Front 12

cervix (Cx)

Back 12

narrow lower portion of the uterus

Front 13

vagina

Back 13

a 3-inch (7-8 cm) tube that connects the uterus to the outside of the body.

Front 14

hymen

Back 14

fold of membrane found near the opening of the vagia

Front 15

rectouterine pouch

Back 15

pouch between the posterior wall of the uterus and the anterior wall of the rectum (also called the Douglas cup-de-sac).

Front 16

Bartholin glands

Back 16

pair of mucus-producing glands located on each side of the vagina and just above the vaginal opening

Front 17

mammary glands, or breasts

Back 17

pair of milk-producing glands of the female. Each breast consists of 15-20 divisions, or lobes.

Front 18

mammary papilla

Back 18

breast nipple

Front 19

areola

Back 19

pigmented area around the breast nipple

Front 20

vulva, or external genitalia

Back 20

two pair of lips (labia majora and labia minora) that surround the vagina

Front 21

clitoris

Back 21

highly erogenous erectile body located anterior to the urethera

Front 22

perineum

Back 22

pelvic floor in both the male and female. In females it usually refers to the area between the vaginal opening and the anus.

Front 23

arche/o

Back 23

first, beginning

Front 24

cervic/o

Back 24

cervix

Front 25

colp/o, vagin/o

Back 25

vagina

Front 26

culd/o

Back 26

cul-de-sac

Front 27

episi/o, vulv/o

Back 27

vulva

Front 28

gynec/o, gyn/o

Back 28

women

Front 29

hymen/o

Back 29

hymen

Front 30

hyter/o, metr/o, metr/i

Back 30

uterus

Front 31

mamm/o, mast/o

Back 31

breast

Front 32

men/o

Back 32

menstruation

Front 33

oophor/o

Back 33

ovary

Front 34

perine/o

Back 34

perineum

Front 35

salping/o

Back 35

uterine tube (fallopian tube)

Front 36

peri-

Back 36

surrounding (outer)

Front 37

-atresia

Back 37

absence of a normal body opening; occlusion; closure

Front 38

-salpinx

Back 38

uterine tube (fallopian tube)

Front 39

amenorrhea

Back 39

absence of menstrual discharge

Front 40

Bartholin adenitis

Back 40

inflammation of the Bartholin gland (also called bartholinitis)

Front 41

cervicitis

Back 41

inflammation of the cervix

Front 42

colpitis, vaginitis

Back 42

inflammation of the vagina

Front 43

dysmenorrhea

Back 43

painful menstrual discharge

Front 44

endocervicitis

Back 44

inflammation of the inner lining of the cervix

Front 45

endometritis

Back 45

inflammation of the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium)

Front 46

hematosalpinx

Back 46

blood in the uterine tube

Front 47

hydrosalpinx

Back 47

water in the uterine tube

Front 48

hysteratresia

Back 48

closure of the uterus (uterine cavity)

Front 49

mastitis

Back 49

inflammation of the breast

Front 50

menometrorrhagia

Back 50

rapid flow of blood from the uterus at menstruation (and between menstrual cycles; increased amount)

Front 51

menorrhagia

Back 51

rapid flow of blood at menstruation (increased amount)

Front 52

metrorrhagia

Back 52

rapid flow of blood from the uterus (between menstrual cycles)

Front 53

myometritis

Back 53

inflammation of the uterine muscle (myometrium)

Front 54

oligomenorrhea

Back 54

scanty menstrual flow (less often)

Front 55

oophoritis

Back 55

inflammation of the ovary

Front 56

perimetritis

Back 56

inflammation surrounding the uterus (perimetrium)

Front 57

pyosalpinx

Back 57

pus in the uterine tube

Front 58

salpingitis

Back 58

inflammation of the uterine tube

Front 59

salpingocele

Back 59

hernia of the uterine tube

Front 60

vulvovaginitis

Back 60

inflammation of the vulva and vagina

Front 61

adenomyosis

Back 61

growth of endometrium into the muscular portion of the uterus

Front 62

breast cancer

Back 62

malignant tumor of the breast

Front 63

cervical cancer

Back 63

malignant tumor of the cervix, which progresses from cellular dysplasia to carcinoma. Its cause is linked to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.

Front 64

endometrial cancer

Back 64

malignant tumor of the endometrium (also called uterine cancer)

Front 65

endometriosis

Back 65

abnormal condition in with the endometrial tissue grows outside of the uterus in various areas in the pelvic cavity, including ovaries, uterine times, intestines, and uterus.

Front 66

fibrocystic breast disease

Back 66

a disorder characterized by one of more benign cysts in the breast

Front 67

fibroid tumor

Back 67

benign fibroid tumor of the uterine muscle (also called myoma of the uterus or leiomyoma)

Front 68

ovarian cancer

Back 68

malignant tumor of the ovary

Front 69

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Back 69

inflammation of the female pelvic organs that can be cause by many different pathogens. If untreated, the infection may spread upward from the vagina, involving the uterus, uterine tubes, ovaries, and other pelvic organs. An ascending infection may result in in infertility and, in acute cases, fatal septicemia.

Front 70

prolapsed uterus

Back 70

downward displacement of the uterus into the vagina (also called hysteroptosis)

Front 71

toxic shock syndrom (TSS)

Back 71

a sever ilness characterized by high fever, rash, vomiting, diarrhea, and myalgia, followed by hypotension and, in severe cases, shock and death; usually affects menstruating women using tampons; caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus progenies.

Front 72

vesicovaginal fistula

Back 72

abnormal opening between the bladder and the vagina

Front 73

cervicectomy

Back 73

excision of the cervix

Front 74

colpoperineorrhaphy

Back 74

suture of the vagina and perineum (performed to mend perineal vaginal tears)

Front 75

colpoplasty

Back 75

surgical repair of the vagina

Front 76

colporrhaphy

Back 76

suture of the vagina (wall of the vagina)

Front 77

episioperineoplasty

Back 77

surgical repair of the vulva and perineum

Front 78

episiorrhaphy

Back 78

suture of a tear in the vulva

Front 79

hymenectomy

Back 79

excision of the hymen

Front 80

hymenotomy

Back 80

incision of the hymen

Front 81

hysterectomy

Back 81

excision of the uterus

Front 82

hysteropexy

Back 82

surgical fixation of the uterus

Front 83

hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy

Back 83

excision of the uterus, uterine tumbles, and ovaries

Front 84

mammoplasty

Back 84

surgical repair of the breast (performed to enlarge or reduce in size, or to reconstruct after removal of a tumor)

Front 85

mastectomy

Back 85

surgical removal of a breast

Front 86

mastopexy

Back 86

surgical fixation of the breast (performed to lift sagging breast tissue or to create symmetry)

Front 87

oophorectomy

Back 87

excision of an ovary

Front 88

perineorrhaphy

Back 88

suture of a tear in the perineum

Front 89

salpingectomy

Back 89

excision of a uterine tube

Front 90

salpingo-oophorectomy

Back 90

excision of the uterine tube and ovary

Front 91

salpingostomy

Back 91

creation of an artificial opening in a uterine tube (performed to restore latency)

Front 92

vulvectomy

Back 92

excision of the vulva

Front 93

anterior and posterior colporrhaphy (A & P repair)

Back 93

surgical repair of a weakened vaginal wall to correct a cystocele (protrusion of the bladder against the anterior wall of the vagina) and a rectocele (protrusion of the rectum against the posterior wall of the vagina)

Front 94

conization

Back 94

the surgical removal of a cone-shaped area of the cervix; used in the treatment for noninvasive cervical cancer ( also called cone biopsy)

Front 95

dialtion and currettage (D & C)

Back 95

dilation (widening) of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium with and instrument called a curette. It is performed to diagnose disease, to correct bleeding, and to empty uterine contents, such as tissue remaining after a miscarriage

Front 96

endometrial ablation

Back 96

a procedure to destroy or remove the endometrium by sue of a laser or thermal energy; used to treat abnormal uterine bleeding

Front 97

laparoscopy or laparoscopic surgery

Back 97

visual examination of the abdominal cavity, accomplished by inserting a laparoscope through a tiny incision near the umbilicus. It is used for surgical procedures such as tubal sterilization (closure of the uterine tubes), hysterectomy, oophorectomy, or biopsy of the ovaries. It may also be used to diagnose endometriosis.

Front 98

myomectomy

Back 98

excision of a fibroid tumor (myoma) from the uterus

Front 99

sentinel lymph node biopsy

Back 99

an injection of blue dye and/or radioactive isotope used to identify the sentinel lymph node(s), the first in the axillary chain and most likely to contain metastasis of breast cancer. The nodes are removed and microscopically examined. If negative, no more nodes are removed.

Front 100

stereotactic breast biopsy

Back 100

a technique that combines mammography and computer-assisted biopsy to obtain tissue from a breast lesion

Front 101

tubal ligation

Back 101

closure of the uterine tubes for sterilization by tying (ligation) (the broader term "tubal sterilization" includes cauterizing the cut ends) (also called tying of tubes)

Front 102

uterine artery embolization (UAE)

Back 102

minimally invasive procedure used to treat fibroids of the uterus by blocking arteries that supply blood to the fibroids. First, an arteriogram is used to identify the vessels. Once identified, tiny gelatin beads, about the size of grains of sand, are inserted into the vessels to create a blockage. The blockage stops the blood supply to the fibroids causing them to shrink.

Front 103

hysterosalpingogram

Back 103

radiographic image of the uterus and uterine tubes (after an injection of a contrast agent)

Front 104

mammogram

Back 104

radiographic image of the breast

Front 105

mammography

Back 105

radiographic imaging of the breast (also called digital mammography when images are obtained electronically and viewed on a computer)

Front 106

sonohysterography (SHG)

Back 106

process of recording the uterus by use of sound (an ultrasound problem)

Front 107

colposcope

Back 107

instrument used for visual examination of the vagina (and cervix)

Front 108

colposcopy

Back 108

visual examination (with a magnified view) of the vagina (and cervix)

Front 109

culdoscope

Back 109

instrument used for visual examination of Douglas cup-de-sac (rectouterine pouch)

Front 110

culdoscopy

Back 110

visual examination of Douglas cup-de-sac (rectouterine pouch)

Front 111

hysteroscope

Back 111

instrument used for visual examination of the uterus (uterine cavity)

Front 112

hysteroscopy

Back 112

visual examination of the uterus (uterine cavity)

Front 113

culdocentesis

Back 113

surgical puncture to remove fluid from Douglas cup-de-sac (rectouterine pouch)

Front 114

transvaginal sonography (TVS)

Back 114

an ultrasound procedure that uses a transducer placed in the vagina to obtain images of the ovaries, uterus, cervix, uterine tubes, and surrounding structures; used to diagnose masses such as ovarian cysts or tumors, to monitor pregnancy, and to evaluate ovulation for the treatment of infertility

Front 115

CA-125 (cancer antigen-125 tumor maker)

Back 115

a blood test used in the detection of ovarian cancer. It is also used to monitor treatment and to determine the extent of the disease.

Front 116

Pap smear

Back 116

a cytological study of cervical and vaginal secretions used to determine the presence of abnormal or cancerous cells; most commonly used detect cancers of the cervix (also called Papanicolaou smear and Pap test)

Front 117

gynecologist

Back 117

a physician who studies and treats diseases of women (female reproductive system)

Front 118

gynecology (GYN)

Back 118

study of women (a branch of medicine dealing with diseases of the female reproductive system)

Front 119

gynopathic

Back 119

pertaining to diseases of women

Front 120

leukorrhea

Back 120

white discharge (from the vagina)

Front 121

mastalgia

Back 121

pain in the breast

Front 122

mastoptosis

Back 122

sagging breast

Front 123

menarche

Back 123

beginning of menstruation (usually occurring between the ages of 11 and 16)

Front 124

vaginal

Back 124

pertaining to the vagina

Front 125

vulvovaginal

Back 125

pertaining to the vulva and vagina

Front 126

dyspareunia

Back 126

difficult or painful intercourse

Front 127

fistula

Back 127

abnormal passageway between two organs or between and internal organ and the body surface.

Front 128

hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

Back 128

replacement of hormones, estrogen and/or progesterone, to treat symptoms associated with menopause

Front 129

menopause

Back 129

cessation of menstruation, usually around the ages of 48 to 53 years

Front 130

premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

Back 130

a syndrome involving physical and emotional symptoms occurring in the 10 days before menstruation. Symptoms include nervous tension, irritability, mastalgia, edema, and headache. Its cause is not fully understood.

Front 131

speculum

Back 131

instrument for opening a body cavity to allow visual inspection

Front 132

A&P repair

Back 132

anterior and posterior colporrhaphy

Front 133

Cx

Back 133

cervix

Front 134

D&C

Back 134

dilation and curettage

Front 135

FBD

Back 135

fibrocystic breast disease

Front 136

GYN

Back 136

gynecology

Front 137

HRT

Back 137

hormone replacement therapy

Front 138

PID

Back 138

pelvic inflammatory disease

Front 139

PMS

Back 139

premenstrual syndrome

Front 140

SHG

Back 140

sonohysterography

Front 141

TAH/BSO

Back 141

total abdominal hysterectomy/bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

Front 142

TSS

Back 142

toxic shock syndrome

Front 143

TVH

Back 143

total vaginal hysterectomy

Front 144

TVS

Back 144

transvaginal sonography

Front 145

UAE

Back 145

uterine artery embolization