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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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autosome |
Any chromosome other than a sex chromosome.
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bacteriophage |
Virus that infects bacteria.
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centromere |
Constricted region in a eukaryotic chromosome where sister chromatids are attached.
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chromosome |
A structure that consists of DNA and associated proteins; carries part or all of a cell’s genetic information.
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chromosome number |
The sum of all chromosomes in a cell of a given type.
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clone |
Genetically identical copy of an organism.
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diploid |
Having two of each type of chromosome characteristic of the species (2n).
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DNA ligase |
Enzyme that seals gaps in double-stranded DNA.
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DNA polymerase |
DNA replication enzyme. Uses a DNA template to assemble a complementary strand of DNA.
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DNA replication |
Process by which a cell duplicates its DNA before it divides.
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DNA sequence |
Order of nucleotide bases in a strand of DNA.
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histone |
Type of protein that structurally organizes eukaryotic chromosomes.
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karyotype |
Image of an individual’s complement of chromosomes arranged by size, length, shape, and centromere location.
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mutation |
Permanent change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA.
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nucleosome |
A length of DNA wound twice around a spool of histone proteins.
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primer |
Short, single strand of DNA that base-pairs with a targeted DNA sequence.
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reproductive cloning |
Technology that produces genetically identical individuals.
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semiconservative replication |
Describes the process of DNA replication, which produces two copies of a DNA molecule: one strand of each copy is new, and the other is a strand of the original DNA.
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sex chromosome |
Member of a pair of chromosomes that differs between males and females.
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sister chromatid |
One of two attached DNA molecules of a duplicated eukaryotic chromosome.
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somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) |
Method of reproductive cloning in which genetic material is transferred from an adult somatic cell into an unfertilized, enucleated egg.
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therapeutic cloning |
The use of SCNT to produce human embryos for research purposes. |
