Chapter 8 Cells

Front 1

The main type of molecule that makes up the plasma membrane

Back 1

phospholipids

Front 2

The difference in concentration in two different locations

Back 2

concentration gradient

Front 3

Type of transport which does not involve energy and moves substances down the concentration gradient

Back 3

passive transport

Front 4

Type of transport which requires energy and moves substances against the concentration gradient

Back 4

active transport

Front 5

The movement of small, nonpolar molecules down the concentration gradient

Back 5

simple diffusion

Front 6

The movement of larger molecules down the concentration gradient through transport proteins

Back 6

facilitated diffusion

Front 7

The diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane

Back 7

osmosis

Front 8

Type of solution in which the amount of water entering a cell equals the amount leaving the cell

Back 8

isotonic solution

Front 9

Type of solution in which the amount of water entering the cell exceeds the amount leaving the cell

Back 9

hypotonic solution

Front 10

Type of solution in which the amount of water entering the cell is less than the amount leaving the cell

Back 10

hypertonic solution

Front 11

The movement of large molecules against the concentration gradient involving the formation of "bubbles" of large molecules wrapped in phospholipids

Back 11

vesicles

Front 12

The movement of large ions against the concentration gradient

Back 12

pumps

Front 13

The movement of very large molecules inside a vesicle into a cell

Back 13

endocytosis

Front 14

The movement of large molecules inside a vesicle to the outside of a cell

Back 14

exocytosis

Front 15

Proteins that identify a cell

Back 15

cell surface markers

Front 16

Protein molecules in the plasma membrane that aid in moving materials into and out of a cell

Back 16

transport proteins

Front 17

Type of protein that allows substances to move in and out of a cell; not shape-specific

Back 17

channel proteins

Front 18

Type of protein that is shape specific to substances that are moved in and out of a cell

Back 18

carrier proteins

Front 19

A cell that sends a chemical signal to another cell

Back 19

signaling cell

Front 20

A cell that receives a chemical signal from another cell

Back 20

target cell

Front 21

group of biological molecules that serve as signaling cells transported by the blood stream

Back 21

hormones

Front 22

List 3 ways a cell may respond to a signal

Back 22

1. change permeability

2. send a second signal

3. enzyme action

Front 23

List 3 types of passive transport

Back 23

1. simple diffusion

2. facilitated diffusion

3. osmosis

Front 24

List 2 types of active transport

Back 24

1. pumps

2. vesicles

Front 25

List 4 types of proteins found in a cell membrane

Back 25

1. cell surface markers

2. enzymes

3. transport proteins

4. receptor proteins

Front 26

Part of a phospholipid that is made of phosphate

Back 26

head

Front 27

Part of a phospholipid that is made of fatty acid

Back 27

tails

Front 28

How are phospholipids arranged in the cell membrane?

Back 28

tail to tail

Front 29

What are the two types of transport proteins?

Back 29

channel proteins and carrier proteins

Front 30

How does the cell membrane maintain homeostasis?

Back 30

by controlling what enters and leaves a cell

Front 31

The basic structure of the cell membrane; two layers of phospholipids

Back 31

lipid bilayer