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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Reversal design |
Any experimental design in which the researcher attempts to verify the effect of the independent variable by "reversing" responding to a level obtained in the previous condition; encompasses experimental designs in whichk the independent variable is withdrawn. |
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A-B-A design |
A three-phase experimental design consisting of an initial baseline (A) until steady-state responding is obtained, and intervention phase which is the treatment condition (B) is implemented until the behavior has changed in steady-state responding is obtained, and a return to baseline conditions (A) by withdrawing the independent variable to see whether responding "reverses" to levels observed in the initial baseline phase. |
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A–B–A–B Design |
An experimental design: A) initial baseline phase B) initial intervention phase A) return to baseline B) second intervention phase |
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B-A-B design |
A three phase experimental design that begins with the treatment condition. After a steady state responding has been obtained during the initial treatment phase (B), the treatment variable is withdrawn (A) to see whether responding changes in the absence of the independent variable. The treatment variable is then reintroduced (B) in an attempt to recapture the level of responding obtained during the first treatment phase. |
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Multiple treatment reversal design |
An experimental design that uses the experimental methods and logic of the reversal tactic to compare the effects of two or more experimental conditions to baseline and/or to one another. |
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Sequence effects |
The effects on a subjects behavior in a given condition that are the result of the subjects experience with the prior condition. |
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Noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) reversal technique |
An experimental control technique that demonstrates the effects of reinforcement by using noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) as a control condition instead of a non-reinforcement (baseline) condition. During the NCR condition, the stimulus change used as reinforcement in the reinforcement condition is presented on a fixed or variable time schedule independent of the subjects behavior. A higher level of responding during the reinforcement condition then during the NCR condition demonstrates that the changes in behavior or the result of contingent reinforcement, not simply the presentation or contact with the stimulus event. |
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DRO reversal technique |
An experimental technique for demonstrating the effects of reinforcement by using differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) as a control condition instead of a no-reinforcement (baseline) condition. During the DRO condition, the stimulus change used as reinforcement in the reinforcement condition is presented contingent on the absence of the target behavior for a specified time period. A higher level of responding during the reinforcement condition than the DRO condition demonstrates that the changes in behavior are the result of contingent reinforcement, not simply the presentation of or contact with the stimulus event. |
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DIR/DRA reversal technique |
An experimental technique that demonstrates the effects of reinforcement; it uses differential reinforcement of an incompatible or alternative behavior (DRI/DRA) as a control condition instead of a no-reinforcement (baseline) condition. During DRI/DRA condtion, the stimulus change used as reinforcement is presented contingent on occurrences of a specified behavior that is either incompatible with the target behavior or an alternative to the target behavior. A higher level of responding during the reinforcement condition that during the DRI/DRA condition demonstrates that the changes in behavior are the result of contingent reinforcement, not simply the presentation of or contact with the stimulus event. |
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Irreversibility |
A situation that occurs when behavior observed in early phase cannot be reproduced even though the experimental conditions are the same as they were during the early phase. |
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Multielement design or alternating treatment design |
An experimental design in which two or more conditions (one of which may be a no-treatment control condition) are presented in rapidly alternating successions (e.g. on alternating sessions or days) independent of the level of responding; differences in responding between or among conditions are attributed to the effects of the conditions. |
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Multiple treatment interference |
The effects of one treatment on a subject's behavior being confounded by the influence of another treatment the administered in the same study |
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Withdrawal design |
another term for ABAB design ; also used to describe experiments in which an effective treatment is sequentially or partially withdrawn to promote the maintenance of behavior changes |
