Chapter 7 U.s. History

Front 1

Evolution

Back 1

The idea that all life on earth evolved over time

Front 2

Higher Criticism

Back 2

Proposed that the Bible should be studied as any other work of literature or history to determine its validity and relevance.

Front 3

Fundamentalism

Back 3

A conservative movement in theology among nineteenth- and twentieth-century Christians. Fundamentalists believe that the statements in the Bible are literally true.

Front 4

Scopes Trial

Back 4

The trial of John Scopes, a high school teacher in Tennessee, for teaching the theory of evolution in violation of state law instead of creation (Bible).

Front 5

Henry Ford

Back 5

The first to perfect and successfully market the automobile.

Front 6

Mass Production

Back 6

The manufacture of goods in large quantities by machinery and by use of techniques such as the assembly line and division of labor.

Front 7

Assembly Line

Back 7

A line of factory workers and equipment along which a product being assembled passes consecutively from operation to operation until completed.

Front 8

Workers As Consumers

Back 8

Henry Ford saw his workers as consumers. He wanted those who made his cars to also be able to buy them.

Front 9

Airline Industry

Back 9

1903: Orville and Wilbur Wright successfully conducted the first flight at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.

1926: Commercial air travel.

1927: 1st solo and non-stop across the Atlantic Ocean.

Front 10

New Appliances

Back 10

Electricity in homes led to new appliances in the 1920's. (Sewing machines, washing machines, vacuum cleaners, refrigerators, etc.)

Front 11

Nightlife

Back 11

a time when people would venture into the city after dark to attend shows, have dinner, or take part in evening social events.

Front 12

Mass Media

Back 12

The means of communication that reach large numbers of people in a short time, such as television, newspapers, magazines, and radio.

Front 13

Radio

Back 13

An important medium for entertainment and communication, as people across the nations began enjoying the same shows and hearing the same news reports.

Front 14

Movie Industry

Back 14

A form of entertainment, this industry included silent movies.

Front 15

Installment Plan

Back 15

Pay in installments, spread out times of payments.

Front 16

Consumer Society

Back 16

a society in which the buying and selling of goods and services is the most important social and economic activity.

Front 17

Flappers

Back 17

a "new breed" of young Western women in the 1920s who wore short skirts, bobbed their hair, listened to jazz, and flaunted their disdain for what was then considered acceptable behavior.

Front 18

Lost Generation

Back 18

the post-World War I generation, but specifically a group of U.S. writers who came of age during the war and established their literary reputations in the 1920s. The term stems from a remark made by Gertrude Stein to Ernest Hemingway, “You are all a lost generation.”

Front 19

Jazz

Back 19

Popular form of music following WWI, artists from Louisiana and Mississippi brought their talents to northern cities.

Front 20

Harlem Renaissance

Back 20

An African-American cultural movement of the 1920s and 1930s, centered in Harlem, that celebrated black traditions, the black voice, and black ways of life.

Front 21

Communism

Back 21

a political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.

Front 22

Red Scare

Back 22

the promotion of fear of a potential rise of communism or radical leftism. In the United States, the First Red Scare was about worker (socialist) revolution and political radicalism.

Front 23

Palmer Raids

Back 23

a series of raids by the United States Department of Justice intended to capture, arrest and deport radical leftists, especially anarchists, from the United States. The raids and arrests occurred in November 1919 and January 1920 under the leadership of Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer.

Front 24

Nativism

Back 24

the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants.

Front 25

Quotas

Back 25

limitations on the number of immigrants that could enter the US annually from different parts of the world.

Front 26

Ku Klux Klan

Back 26

a secret society in the southern U.S. that focuses on white supremacy and terrorizes other groups. An example of the Ku Klux Klan is a group of men who are anti-black, anti-Catholic and anti-Semitic.

Front 27

Prohibition

Back 27

The period (1920-1933) during which the 18th Amendment forbidding the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages was in force in the United States.

Front 28

Twenty-First Amendment

Back 28

Repealed the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which had mandated nationwide Prohibition on alcohol.

Front 29

Speculation

Back 29

Make high risk investments in the hopes of making high profits.

Front 30

Buying on Margin

Back 30

The purchase of an asset by paying the margin and borrowing the balance from a bank or broker.

Front 31

Mechanization

Back 31

the process of changing from working largely or exclusively by hand or with animals to doing that work with machinery.

Front 32

Overproduction

Back 32

Surplus of goods.

Front 33

Black Tuesday

Back 33

refers to October 29, 1929, when panicked sellers traded nearly 16 million shares on the New York Stock Exchange (four times the normal volume at the time), and the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell -12%. Black Tuesday is often cited as the beginning of the Great Depression.

Front 34

Great Depression

Back 34

An economic recession that began on October 29, 1929, following the crash of the U.S. stock market. The Great Depression originated in the United States, but quickly spread to Europe and the rest of the world.

Front 35

Hooverville

Back 35

A shanty town built by homeless people during the Great Depression. They were named after Herbert Hoover, who was President of the United States during the onset of the Depression and widely blamed for it.

Front 36

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR)

Back 36

Served as an image for hope. Helped re-enstill confidence in our banks. Led us out of the depression.

Front 37

Fireside Chats

Back 37

one of a series of radio broadcasts made by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt to the nation, beginning in 1933.

Front 38

Direct Relief

Back 38

a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization with a stated mission to “improve the health and lives of people affected by poverty or emergency situations by mobilizing and providing essential medical resources needed for their care."

Front 39

Deficit Spending

Back 39

government spending, in excess of revenue, of funds raised by borrowing rather than from taxation.

Front 40

New Deal

Back 40

A series of domestic programs enacted in the United States between 1933 and 1938, and a few that came later. They included both laws passed by Congress as well as presidential executive orders during the first term (1933–1937) of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Front 41

Federal Reserve Act

Back 41

Federal Reserve Act of 1913 created a Federal Reserve System of regional banks and a Federal Reserve Board to stabilize the economy by regulating the supply of currency and controlling credit.

Front 42

Public Works Administration (PWA)

Back 42

A large-scale public works construction agency in the United States. It was created by the National Industrial Recovery Act in June 1933 in response to the Great Depression. Launched a number of public works such as the construction of dams, highways, and bridges.

Front 43

Social Security

Back 43

A United States federal program of social insurance and benefits developed in 1935. The Social Security program's benefits include retirement income, disability income, Medicare and Medicaid, and death and survivorship benefits.

Front 44

Labor Movement

Back 44

an organized effort on the part of workers to improve their economic and social status by united action through the medium of labor unions.

Front 45

Women

Back 45

Did not benefit from the New Deal.

Front 46

Minorites

Back 46

Still worked as farmers and migrant workers. Their lack of government payroll records often excluded them from programs like Social Security.