Chapter 7: Special Senses

Front 1

Conjunctiva

Back 1

Mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball.

Front 2

Orbit

Back 2

Bony cavity of the skull that encases the eye

Front 3

Lacrimal Glands

Back 3

Glands that secrete tears.

Front 4

Lacrimal Ducts

Back 4

Channels that carry tears to the eye.

Front 5

Nasolacrimal Ducts

Back 5

Ducts that carry tears from the lacrimal glands to the nose.

Front 6

Tarsal Glands; Meibomian Glands

Back 6

Oil glands along the edges of the eyelids that lubricate the eye.

Front 7

Aqueous Humor

Back 7

Watery fluid that fills the anterior chamber of the ye between the lens and the cornea.

Front 8

Cornea

Back 8

Transparent outer covering of the anterior portion of the eye.

Front 9

Iris

Back 9

Colored muscular part of the eye located behind (posterior to) the pupil that blends and focuses light rays.

Front 10

Sclera

Back 10

Tough fibrous outer layer of the eye (the white of the eye) that extends from the cornea to the optic nerve.

Front 11

Choroid

Back 11

Middle layer of the eye that contains blood vessels.

Front 12

Lens

Back 12

Transparent structure behind (posterior to) the pupil that bends and focuses light rays.

Front 13

Pupil

Back 13

Opening in the middle of the iris through which light passes.

Front 14

Vitreous Humor

Back 14

Jelly-like fluid that fills the posterior chamber of the ye between the lens and the retina.

Front 15

Fundus

Back 15

Posterior portion of the interior of the eyeball, visible through the opthalmoscope,

Front 16

Optic Nerve

Back 16

Cranial Nerve I that carries impulses from the retina to the brain to provide the sense of sight.

Front 17

Retina

Back 17

Innermost layer of the eye that contains visual receptors (rods and cones).

Front 18

Blephar/o

Back 18

Eyelid

Front 19

Conjuctiv/o

Back 19

Conjuctiva

Front 20

Cor/e, cor/o

Back 20

Pupil (of the eye)

Front 21

Corne/o

Back 21

Cornea

Front 22

Cry/o

Back 22

Cold

Front 23

Dacry/o

Back 23

Tears, lacrimal (tear) duct

Front 24

Dipl/o

Back 24

Double, two

Front 25

Ir/o, irid/o

Back 25

Iris

Front 26

Kerat/o

Back 26

Cornea

Front 27

Lacrim/o

Back 27

Tears, lacrimal (tear) duct

Front 28

Ocul/o

Back 28

Eye

Front 29

Opthalm/o

Back 29

Eye

Front 30

Opt/o

Back 30

Vision, eye

Front 31

Phot/o

Back 31

Light

Front 32

Presby/o

Back 32

Related to aging

Front 33

Pupill/o

Back 33

Pupil (of the eye)

Front 34

Retin/o

Back 34

Retina

Front 35

Scler/o

Back 35

Hard, sclera

Front 36

Ton/o

Back 36

Tension, pressure

Front 37

Bi-. Bin-

Back 37

Two, twice

Front 38

Choroido-

Back 38

The choroid

Front 39

Ictero-

Back 39

Jaundice (yellow)

Front 40

-ectasia, -ectasis

Back 40

Dilation, stretching

Front 41

-lysis

Back 41

Destruction, breakdown, separation

Front 42

-malacia

Back 42

Softening

Front 43

-meter

Back 43

Instrument for measuring

Front 44

-metry

Back 44

Measurement of

Front 45

-opia, -opsia

Back 45

Vision

Front 46

-pexy

Back 46

Surgical fixation

Front 47

-phobia

Back 47

Abnormal fear of, aversion to, sensitivity to

Front 48

-plasty

Back 48

Surgical repair, reconstruction

Front 49

-plegia

Back 49

Paralysis

Front 50

-ptosis

Back 50

Prolapse, drooping, sagging

Front 51

-rrhea

Back 51

Flow, discharge

Front 52

-scopy

Back 52

Process of examining, examination

Front 53

-spasm

Back 53

Involuntary movement

Front 54

-trophia

Back 54

To turn

Front 55

Accommodation

Back 55

Ability of the eye to adjust focus on near objects

Front 56

Binocular

Back 56

Pertaining to both eyes

Front 57

Blepharal

Back 57

Pertaining to the eyelid

Front 58

Conjuctival

Back 58

Pertaining to the conjunctiva

Front 59

Corneal

Back 59

Pertaining to the cornea

Front 60

Intraocular

Back 60

Within or inside the eye

Front 61

Iridal, iridial

Back 61

Pertaining to the iris

Front 62

Lacrimal

Back 62

Pertaining to tears

Front 63

Ocular

Back 63

Pertaining to the eye

Front 64

Opthalmic

Back 64

Pertaining to the eye

Front 65

Optic

Back 65

Pertaining to vision

Front 66

Pupillary

Back 66

Pertaining to the pupil

Front 67

Retinal

Back 67

Pertaining to the retina

Front 68

Scleral

Back 68

Pertaining to the sclera

Front 69

Amblyopia

Back 69

Poor vision, usually in only one eye, caused by abnormal development of the visual areas; also known as "lazy eye".

Front 70

Astigmatism

Back 70

Distorted, blurry vision caused by an abnormal curvature of the cornea and/or lens.

Front 71

Blepharitis

Back 71

Inflammation of the eyelid

Front 72

Blepharoptosis

Back 72

Drooping of the eyelids; also shortened to ptosis.

Front 73

Blepharospasm

Back 73

Contraction of muscles surrounding the eye, causing uncontrolled blinking.

Front 74

Cataract

Back 74

Clouding of the lens of the eye, causing poor vision.

Front 75

Chalazion; Meibomian Cyst

Back 75

Inflammation of the eyelid from a blocked tarsal gland.

Front 76

Color Blindness

Back 76

Deficiency in distinguishing some colors.

Front 77

Conjunctivitis

Back 77

Highly contagious inflammation of the conjunctiva commonly known as pinkeye.

Front 78

Dacryoadenitis

Back 78

Inflammation of a lacrimal gland.

Front 79

Dacryocystitis

Back 79

Inflammation of the lacrimal sac.

Front 80

Dacryolith

Back 80

Stone in the lacrimal sac or lacrimal ducts.

Front 81

Dacryorrhea

Back 81

Excessive discharge of tears.

Front 82

Detached Retina

Back 82

Separation of the retina from the choroid in the back of the eye; can be caused by injury, tumor, or hemorrhage.

Front 83

Diabetic Retinopathy

Back 83

Degenerative changes of the retina caused by diabetes mellitus; may lead to blindness.

Front 84

Diplopia

Back 84

Double vision

Front 85

Exophthalmos; Exophthalmus

Back 85

Abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs

Front 86

Glaucoma

Back 86

Group of diseases of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the optic nerve.

Front 87

Hordeolum

Back 87

Infection of an oil gland of the eyelid; commonly called a sty.

Front 88

Hyperopia

Back 88

Farsightedness

Front 89

Iridomalacia

Back 89

Softening of the iris

Front 90

Iridoplegia

Back 90

Paralysis of the iris

Front 91

Iritis

Back 91

Inflammation of the iris

Front 92

Keratitis

Back 92

Inflammation of the cornea

Front 93

Keratomalacia

Back 93

Softening of the cornea, usually associated with severe vitamin A deficiency.

Front 94

Macular Degeneration

Back 94

Deterioration of the macula (the central part of the retina), causing impaired central vision; most commonly related to advancing age.

Front 95

Myopia

Back 95

Nearsightedness

Front 96

Nyctalopia

Back 96

Poor vision in reduced light or at night; commonly called night blindness.

Front 97

Nystagmus

Back 97

Involuntary rhythmic movement of the eye.

Front 98

Ophthalmalgia

Back 98

Pain in the eye

Front 99

Ophthalmia

Back 99

Condition of the eye characterized by severe conjunctivitis.

Front 100

Ophthalmopathy

Back 100

Any disease of the eyes

Front 101

Ophthalmoplegia

Back 101

Paralysis of the eye muscle(s)

Front 102

Photophobia

Back 102

Extreme sensitivity to light

Front 103

Presbyopia

Back 103

Impaired vision caused by old age

Front 104

Pterygium

Back 104

Growth of conjunctival tissue over the cornea; usually associated with prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation.

Front 105

Retinal Tear

Back 105

Small retinal detachment that allows vitreous fluid to seep under the retina.

Front 106

Retinitis Pigmentosa

Back 106

Hereditary progressive deterioration of the retina causing nyctalopia and impaired.

Front 107

Retinopathy

Back 107

Any disease of the retina

Front 108

Scleritis

Back 108

Inflammation of the sclera

Front 109

Scleromalacia

Back 109

Softening or thinning of the sclera

Front 110

Strabismus

Back 110

Abnormal alignment of the eyes caused by intraocular muscle imbalance; also called crossed eyes.

Front 111

Xerophthalmia

Back 111

Excessive dryness of the conjunctiva and cornea, usually associated with vitamin A deficiency; dry eyes.

Front 112

Extraocular Movement

Back 112

Movement of the upper eyelids and eyeballs through use of the extraocular muscles; assessed during clinical examination to screen for eye movement disorders.

Front 113

Fluorescein Angiography

Back 113

Visualization and photographic recording of the flow of an orange fluorescent dye through the blood vessels of the eye.

Front 114

Keratometer

Back 114

Instrument used for measuring the curvature of the cornea.

Front 115

Ophthalmoscope

Back 115

Instrument used for examining the interior of the eye through the pupil.

Front 116

Ophthalmoscopy

Back 116

Use of the ophthalmoscope to view the interior of the eye.

Front 117

Pupillometer

Back 117

Instrument used for measuring the diameter of the pupil.

Front 118

Pupillometry

Back 118

Measurement of the pupil.

Front 119

Refraction

Back 119

Test using a manual refractor to determine an exact prescription for corrective lenses.

Front 120

Retinoscopy

Back 120

Examination of the retina

Front 121

Snellen Chart

Back 121

Chart containing letters that is used to test visual sharpness (acuity).

Front 122

Tonometer

Back 122

Instrument used for measuring pressure within the eye.

Front 123

Tonometry

Back 123

Use of the tonometer to measure intraocular pressure within the eyes; done to diagnose glaucoma.

Front 124

Visual Acuity Testing

Back 124

Testing for the sharpness (clarity) of distant vision, usually with a Snellen chart; normal visual acuity is 20/20.

Front 125

Visual Field Testing

Back 125

Assessment of the range (area) visible to one eye without movement.

Front 126

Blepharoplasty

Back 126

Surgical repair of the eyelid

Front 127

Cataract Extraction

Back 127

Surgical removal of a cataract

Front 128

Cryoretinopexy

Back 128

Surgical fixation of a detached retina or retinal tear by using extreme cold (freezing) to seal the tear.

Front 129

Dacryocystotomy

Back 129

Incision into the lacrimal sac

Front 130

Enucleation

Back 130

Removal of an eyeball

Front 131

Intraocular Lens Implant

Back 131

Implantation of an artificial lens to replace a defective natural lens.

Front 132

Iridectomy

Back 132

Excision into part of the iris.

Front 133

Iridotomy

Back 133

Incision into the iris, usually with a laser, to allow drainage of aqueous humor in therapy for narrow-angle glaucoma.

Front 134

Keratoplasty

Back 134

Surgical repair of the cornea; corneal transplantation

Front 135

Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis

Back 135

Procedure that uses a laser to create a corneal flap and reshape the corneal tissue; used to correct vision problems such as myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism.

Front 136

Phacoemulsification

Back 136

Use of ultrasound to shatter and break up a cataract followed by aspiration and removal.

Front 137

Photorefractive Keratectomy

Back 137

Procedure using a laser to reshape the cornea to correct vision/