Chapter 7 Respiratory System P2

Front 1

acidosis

Back 1

excessive acidity of body fluids (pulmonary insufficiency = hpercapnia)

Front 2

anosmia

Back 2

absence of smell (result of upper respiratory infection or intranasal swelling)

Front 3

apnea

Back 3

temporary loss of breathing

Front 4

3 types of apnea

Back 4

obstructive (enlarged tonsils and adenoids), central (brain not sending breathing signals), and mixed (combo of obstr. and central)

Front 5

asphyxia

Back 5

insufficient o2 intake (drowning, electric shock, foreign body lodging in resp tract, toxic smoke, poison)

Front 6

atelectasis

Back 6

collapsed or airless state of lung (incomplete dilation)

Front 7

cheyne-Stokes respiration

Back 7

repeated breathing pattern with fluctuation in depth of respiration, first deeply, then shallow, then not at all

Front 8

compliance

Back 8

ease that lung tissue can be stretched

Front 9

coryza

Back 9

head cold; upper respiratory infection (URI)

Front 10

crackle

Back 10

abnormal respiratory sound during auscultation, also called rale

Front 11

croup

Back 11

childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, bronchial passages, and lungs

Front 12

epiglottitis

Back 12

life-threatening infection of epiglotis in younger children. Sx's - fever, dysphagia, respiratory distress

Front 13

epistaxis

Back 13

nosebleed, nasal hemorrhage

Front 14

finger clubbing

Back 14

enlarged distal phalanges with pulmonary disease

Front 15

hypoxemia

Back 15

deficiency of oxygen in blood

Front 16

hypoxia

Back 16

deficiency of oxygen in tissues

Front 17

pertussis

Back 17

whooping cough

Front 18

pleurisy

Back 18

inflammation of pleural membrane, stabbing pain intensified by coughing or deep breathing

Front 19

pneumoconiosis

Back 19

inhalation of dust particles such as coal (anthracosis), stone (chalicosis), iron (siderosis), asbestos (asbestosis)

Front 20

pulmonary edema

Back 20

accumulation of fluid in lung tissue and alveoli, caused by heart failure

Front 21

pulmonary embolus

Back 21

blockage in artery of lungs usually by blood clot

Front 22

rhonchus

Back 22

abnormal breath sound during auscultation, resembles course/rattling noise like snoring

Front 23

stridor

Back 23

high-pitched, harsh, adventitious breath sound caused by spasm or swelling in larynx or obstruction of upper airway

Front 24

wheeze

Back 24

whistling sound on auscultation from narrowing of lumen (asthma, croup, hay fever, emphysema, other obstructive)

Front 25

mantoux test

Back 25

intradermal test to determine TB sensitivity based on positive reaction of test site (red and swollen). suggests past or present exposure to TB

Front 26

oximetry

Back 26

act of monitoring percentage of hemoglobin (Hb) saturated with oxygen (probe attached to finger)

Front 27

polysomnography

Back 27

test of sleep cycles and stages using EEG's, electrical activity of muscles, eye, respiratory rate, etc

Front 28

pulmonary function tests

Back 28

evaluate ability of lungs to take in and expel air and gas exchange

Front 29

spirometry

Back 29

measurement of ventilation by assessing lung capacity, flow, and time for exhaling

Front 30

bronchoscopy

Back 30

visual exam of bronchi using endoscope

Front 31

laryngoscopy

Back 31

visual exam of larynx

Front 32

mediastinoscopy

Back 32

visual exam of mediastinal structures like heart, esophagus, bronchus, thymus, and lymph nodes

Front 33

arterial blood gas (ABG)

Back 33

test for partial pressure of O2, CO2, pH, and bicarbonate level (evaluates pulmonary gas exchange)

Front 34

sputum culture

Back 34

microbial test identifies disease-causing organisms of lower respiratory tract (esp. pneumonias)

Front 35

sweat test

Back 35

measures salt in sweat (confirm cystic fibrosis)

Front 36

throat culture

Back 36

identifies pathogens, esp streptococcal infections

Front 37

lung scan

Back 37

nuclear scanning test to detect pulmonary emboli blood clot

Front 38

aerosol therapy, 3 types

Back 38

lung therapy to deliver meds in mist form... neublizer (converts meds to droplets), metered-dose inhaler (delivers specific amount), and dry powder inhaler

Front 39

postural drainage

Back 39

positioning a patient so gravity drains bronchi and lungs from secretions

Front 40

septoplasty

Back 40

surgical repair of deviated nasal septum

Front 41

thoracentesis, pleurocentesis, or thoracocentesis

Back 41

surgical puncture and drainage of pleural cavity

Front 42

tracheostomy

Back 42

incision (opening) is made in neck and trachea for breathing tube

Front 43

antihistamines

Back 43

block histamines from causing sneezing, runny nose, itchy, and rashes

Front 44

antitussives

Back 44

relieve coughing (not for productive coughs though!)

Front 45

bronchodilators

Back 45

stimulates bronchial muscles to relax and increase air flow

Front 46

corticosteroids

Back 46

blocks things from triggering allergic and inflammatory actions

Front 47

decongestants

Back 47

constricts blood vessels of nasal passages so that swollen tissues will shrink and allow passage of air

Front 48

expectorants

Back 48

liquify respiratory secretions so they're easier to dislodge during coughing episodes