Chapter 7-Other Types Of Textiles

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Fabric that is produced by bonding or interlocking fibers via a mechanical, chemical, thermal, or solvent means

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nonwoven fabrics

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A web of fibers is the result of which grouping of fabric

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nonwoven

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most identifiable nonwoven (1950s)

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handi-wipes

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4 fibers used in nonwovens

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Olefin, polyester, rayon, & polypropylene.

all thermoplastic & all manufactured

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Classification of fiber:
Fast production

Versatile

Low cost

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Nonwoven

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Two categories of nonwovens

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Durable & Disposable

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3 methods to manufacturing Nonwovens

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Drylaid
Wetlaid
Spulaid

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Most widely method used to manufacture a nonwoven

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drylaid

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Least used method to manufacture a nonwoven

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wetlaid

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when the material structure is formed by the blowing thermoplastic fibers onto a collection surface as the fibers are being extruded.

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spulaid

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First nonwoven

Largest volume of nonwovens are made using this method

1940s

extensively used in disposable items

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carded-web nonwovens

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Filament fibers spunlaid into a web

fibers interlock using thermal entanglement or adhesive bonding

very strong nonwoven

wide variety of weights, degree of softness and drape

Tyvek example

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Spunbonded nonwoven

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formed by wetlaid staple fibers using a high pressure method

fibers knot and curl around each other

no binding is used yielding an end product that is soft, bulky, and drapeable

used in robes, mattress pads, quilting, mops, wipes

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spunlaced nonwoven

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spunlaid micro denier sized fiament fibers that break into staple fibers

Good Insulators

Low fiber strength and low abrasion resistance

Thinsulate (example)

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Melt-blown nonwovens

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Also known as mechanical felt or needle punched felt

made from any staple fiber

Fibers are drylaid and entangled to form a web

web then passes through barbed or hooked needles which further entangles the web

used for rugs, blankets, and acoustical insulation

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Needle punched nonwovens

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End product may be wet, dry, or coated

Fibers used: rayon, polyester, polypropylene

products=swiffer pads, dusting cloths, clorox disenfecting wipes, stridex facial pads

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nonwoven wipes

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Oldest known textile

can be shaped in any direction

low drapability, resiliency, strength

made from 50%-100% wool

fibers arranged in layers of thin webs

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felt

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Layered material in which the face or shell of a fabric is joined to a backing of tricot to produce a more heavier weight fabric

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Bonded materials

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This process is fast and economical

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bonding process

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The two methods of bonding

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Wet adhesive
foam flame bonding

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Made by incorporating air into elastic like substance

most commonly from rubber and polyurethane

lofty springy bulky material, too weak to be used without backing or covering

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foam bonding

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face or shell of material is layered with a foam or nonwoven material then a backing to perform a sandwhich effect

primarily intended for clothing insulation

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laminated material

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Consists of an insulating filler secured between two layers of fabric

held together by sewing or bonding

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quilted material

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Needles and threads are used to sew or stitch yarns and fibers together into a fabric by creating a web

Malimo fabrics

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Stitch bonding

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Films, laces, Embroidery, and Tufted Fabrics are all fabrics made from __________________

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Solutions

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Used for imitation leather

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Films

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When pattern is drawn on paper and pins are inserted at various points

yarns on bobbins are plaited around the pins

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bobbin or pillow lace

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Done by hand with a crochet needle

Brought to America by Irish immigrants

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Crocheted lace

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Handmade lace with loops of woven tape caught together in patterns

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Battenburg Lace

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Made with a small shuttle and creates a small tight design

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Tatted Lace

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Low quality made lace

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Handmade lace

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How most lace today is made

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Machine made

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Machine that produces the finest and most intricate lace

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Leavers machine

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very expensive form of machine made lace

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leavers lace

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Machine that produces heavier and rougher textured lace

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Nottingham Machine

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Art of creating and producing a raised design on woven fabrics, paper, plastic, and rarely on knits

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embroidery

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All embroidery in US is done on what machine

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Schiffili

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Embroidery is usually done on what kind of fabrics

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lightweight
(batiste and lawn)

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Type of pile fabric

Performed by inserting extra yarns into an already woven fabric

May be cut or looped

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Tufted Fabrics

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Inexpensive and fast method of making pile structures

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tufting

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Done by using a series of needles, each carrying yarn, piercing the fabric a specified length, inserting the yarn

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Tufted fabrics