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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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electrolytes
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substances that separate in solution to form ions
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what 3 compartments is ECF found in?
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interstitial fluid
intravascular fluid transcellular fluid |
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extracellular fluid equals what % of total body weight?
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20%
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interstitial fluid equals what % of total body weight?
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15%
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between most the cells of the body
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intravascular fluid equals what % of total body weight?
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5%
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plasma in the arteries
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transcellular fluid equals what % of total body weight?
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less than 1%
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urine, digestive secretion
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ADH
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antidiuretic hormone
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what is the function of ADH?
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regulates water excretion from the kidneys
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atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
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a hormone released by cells in the atria of the heart in response to stretching from fluid overload
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causes blood vessels to dilate
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FVD
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fluid volume deficit
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dehydration
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third-spacing
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a shift of fluid from the vascular space into an area where it is not available to support normal processes
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bowel or peritoneal cavity
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over-the-needle IV catheter
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commonly used vein puncture sites
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fluid volume excess
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greater than normal amount of fluid in the body
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hypernatremia (high sodium)
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sodium imbalance greater than 145mEq/L
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dehydration
hypertension neck vein distention |
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hyponatermia (low sodium)
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serum sodium less than 135 mEq/L
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sodium decrease
coma headache nausea vomiting orthostatic hypotension |
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hypokalemia (low potassium)
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serum potassium level less than 3.5 mEq/L
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you should never crush
muscle weakness fatigue increase in urination and thirst |
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hyperkalemia (high potassium)
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too much potassium level greater than 5.0 mEq/L
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kidney failure
cell damage insulin deficiency |
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tetany
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continuous spasm of the muscles
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associated with decreased ionized calcium levels
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buffers
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chemicals that prevent major changes in pH by attaching to our releasing hydrogen ion
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acidosis
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when hydrogen ion(H+) concentration increases above normal and the pH falls below 7.35
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hyperkalemia
pH decreases hydrogen increases |
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alkalosis
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occurs when the hydrogen ion concentration decreases below normal and the pH rises above 7.45
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hypokalemia
pH increases hydrogen decreases bicarbonate increases |
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metabolic acidosis
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pH of less than 7.35 due to inadequate bicarbonate in relation to the amount of acid in the body
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metabolic alkalosis
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decreased hydrogen ion concentration a pH greater than 7.45 due to an excess of bicarbonate
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respiratory acidosis
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increased hydrogen ion concentration and a pH of less than 7.35 due to carbon dioxide retention
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respiratory alkalosis
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decreased hydrogen ion concentration caused by hyperventilation leading to a carbon dioxide loss
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pH greater than 7.45
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pH
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measure the degree of acidity/alkalinity
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renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
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blood pressure regulation system activated when there is reduced blood flow to the kidneys
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RAA
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isotonic
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osmotic concentration equal to that of body fluids
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hypervolemia
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increased fluid volume
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circulatory overload/ everything decreased
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hypovolemia
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fluid volume deficit
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urine output = 30cc/hr or lower, skin turgor thirst decreased/everything else increased
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base (alkaline)
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any substance that binds with a hydrogen (H+) ion
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acid
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any substance that will give up a hydrogen (H+) ion
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bicarbonate
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combines with free hydrogen to form carbonic acid
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HCO3-H H2CO3
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carbonic acid
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breaks down into carbon dioxide and water
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H2CO3 CO2+ H2O
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