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105 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
testis, or testicle
primary male sex organs, paired, oval-shaped and enclosed in a sac called the scrotum. The testes produce spermatozoa (sperm cells) and the hormone testosterone.
sperm (spermatozoon)
the microscopic male germ cell, which, when united with the ovum, produces a zygote (fertilized egg) that with subsequent development become an embryo
testosterone
the principal male sex hormone. Its chief function is to stimulation the development of the male reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics such as facial hair.
seminiferous tubules
approximately 900 coiled tubes within the testes in which spermatogenesis occurs
epididymis
coiled duct atop each of the testes that provides for storage, transit, and maturation of spermatozoa; continuous with the vas deferens
vas deferens, ductus deferens, or seminal duct
duct carrying the sperm from the epididymis to the urethra. The spermatic cord encloses each vas deferens with nerves, lymphatics, arteries, and veins. The urethra also connects with the urinary bladder and carries urine outside the body. A circular muscle constricts during intercourse to prevent urination.
seminal vesicles
two main glands located at the base of the bladder that open into the vas deferens. The gland secrete a thick fluid, which forms part of the semen.
prostate gland
encircles the upper end of the urethra. The prostate gland secretes a fluid that aids in the movement of sperm and ejaculation.
scrotum
sac suspended on both sides of and just behind the penis. The testes are enclosed in the scrotum.
penis
male organ of urination and copulation (sexual intercourse)
glans penis
enlarged tip on the end of the penis
prepuce
fold of skin covering the glans penis in uncircumcised males (foreskin of the penis)
semen
composed of sperm, seminal fluids, and other secretions
genitalia (genitals)
reproductive organs (male or female)
balan/o
glans penis
epididym/o
epididymis
orchid/o, orchi/o, orch/o, test/o
testis, testicle
prostat/o
prostate
vas/o
vessel, duct
vesicul/o
seminal vesicle
andr/o
male
sperm/o, spermat/o
spermatozoon
anorchism
state of absence of testis (unilateral of bilateral)
balanitis
inflammation of the glans penis
balanorrhea
discharge from the glans penis
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
excessive development pertaining to the prostate gland (nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland)
cryptorchidism
state of hidden testes. (During fetal development, testes are located in the abdominal area near the kidneys. Before birth they move down into the scrotal sac. Failure of the testes to descend from the abdominal cavity into the scrotum before birth results in cryptorchidism, or undescended testicles.)
epididymitis
inflammation of an epididymis
orchiepididymitis
inflammation of the testis and epididymis
orchitis, orchiditis, or testitis
inflammation of the testis or testicle
prostatitis
inflammation of the prostate gland
prostatocystitis
inflammation of the prostate gland and the bladder
prostatolith
stond in the prostate gland
prostatorrhea
discharge from the prostate gland
prostatovesiculitis
inflammation of the prostate gland and seminal vesicle
erectile dysfunction (ED)
the inability of the male to attain or maintain an erection sufficient to perform sexual intercourse (formerly called impotence)
hydrocele
scrotal swelling caused by a collection of fluid
phimosis
a tightness of the prepuce (foreskin of the penis) that prevents its retraction of the glans penis; it may be congenital or a result of balanitis. Circumcision is the usual treatment.
priapism
persistent abnormal erection of the penis accompanied by pain and tenderness
prostate cancer
cancer of the prostate gland, usually occurring later in life
testicular cancer
cancer of the testicle, usually occurring in men 15-35 years of age
testicular torsion
twisting of the spermatic cord causing decreased blood flow to the testis; occurs most often during puberty and often presents with a sudden onset of sever testicular of scrotal pain. Because of lack of blood flow to the testis, it is often considered a surgical emergency.
varicocele
enlarged veins of the spermatic cord
balanoplasty
surgical repair of the glans penis
epididymectomy
excision of an epididymis
orchidectomy, orchiectomy
excision of the testis (bilateral orchidectomy also called castration)
orchidopexy, orchipexy
surgical fixation of a testicle (performed to bring undescended testicle(s) into the scrotum)
orchidotomy, orchiotomy
incision into a testis
orchioplasty
surgical repair of a testis
prostatectomy
excision of the prostate gland
prostatocystotomy
incision into the prostate gland and bladder
prostatolithotomy
incision into the prostate gland to remove a stone
prostatovesiculectomy
excision of the prostate gland and seminal vesicles
vasectomy
excision of a duct (partial excision of the vas deferens, bilaterally, resulting in male sterilization)
vasovasoectomy
creation of artificial openings between ducts (the severed ends of the vas deferens are reconnected in an attempt to restore fertility in men who have had a vasectomy)
vesiculectomy
excision of the seminal vesicle(s)
circumcision
surgical removal of the prepuce (foreskin)
hydrocelectomy
surgical removal of a hydrocele
radical prostatectomy (RP)
excision of the prostate gland with its capsule, seminal vesicles, vas deferens, and sometimes pelvic lymph nodes; performed by retropubic or perineal approach, or laproscopically; used to treat prostate cancer
suprapubic prostatectomy
excision of the prostate gland through an abdominal incision made above the pubic bone and through an incision in the bladder; used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer (also called suprapubic transvesical prostatectomy)
transurethral incision of the prostate gland (TUIP)
a surgical procedure that widens the urethra by making a few small incisions in the bladder neck and the prostate gland. No prostate tissue is removed. TUIP bay be used instead of TURP when the prostate is less enlarged.
transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT)
a treatment that eliminates excess tissue present in benign prostatic hyperplasia by using heat generated by microwave

transurethral resection of the prostate gland (TURP)

surgical removal of pieces of the prostate gland tissue by using a resectoscope inserted through the urethra. The capsule is left intact; usually performed when the enlarged prostate gland interferes with urination.

transrectal ultrasound
an ultrasound procedure used to diagnose prostate cancer. Sound waves are sent and received by a transducer in the form of a probe that is placed into the rectum. The sound waves are transformed into an image of the prostate gland.
prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
a blood test that measure the level of prostate-specific antigen in the blood. Elevated test results may indicate the presence of prostate cancer or excess prostate tissue, as found in benign prostatic hyperplasia.
semen analysis
microscopic observation of ejaculated semen, revealing size, structure, and movement of sperm; used to evaluate male infertility and to determine the effectiveness of a vasectomy (also called sperm count and sperm test).
digital rectal examination (DRE)
a physical examination in which the physician inserts a finger into the rectum and feels for the size and shape of the prostate gland through the rectal wall. Used to screen for BPH and cancer of the prostate. BPH usually presents as a uniform, non tender enlargement, whereas cancer usually presents as a stony hard nodule.
andropathy
disease of the male (specific to the male, such as testitis)
aspermia
condition of being without sperm (or semen or ejaculation)
oligospermia
condition of scanty sperm (in the semen; may contribute to infertility)
spermatolysis
dissolution (destruction) of sperm
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
a disease that affect the body's immune system, transmitted by exchange of body fluid during the sexual act, reuse of contaminated needles, or receiving contaminated blood transfusions (also called acquired immune deficiency syndrome)
artificial insemination
introduction of semen into the vagina by artificial means
azoospermia
lack of live sperm in the semen
chlamydia
a sexually transmitted disease, sometimes referred to as a silent STD because many people are not aware they have the disease. Symptoms that occur when the disease become serious are painful urination and discharge from the penis in men and genital itching, vaginal discharge, and bleeding between menstrual periods in women. The causative agent is C. trachomatis.
coitus
sexual intercourse between male and female (also called copulation)
condom
cover for the penis worn during coitus to prevent conception and the spread of STD
ejaculation
ejection of semen from the male urethra
genital herpes
sexually transmitted disease caused by Herpesvirus hominis type 2 (also called herpes simplex virus)
gonads
male and female sex glands
gonorrhea
contagious, inflammatory sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacterial organism that affects the mucous membranes of the genitourinary system
heterosexual
person who is attracted to a member of the opposite sex
homosexual
person who is attracted to a member of the same sex
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
a type of retrovirus that causes AIDS. HIV infects T-helper-cells of the immune system, allowing for opportunistic infections such as candidiasis, Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, tuberculosis, and Kaposi sarcoma.
human papillomavirus (HPV)
a prevalent sexually transmitted disease causing benign or cancerous growths in male and female genitals (also called venereal warts)
infertility
reduced or absent ability to produce offspring
orgasm
climax of sexual stimulation
puberty
period when secondary sex characteristics develop and the ability to reproduce sexually begins
sexually transmitted disease (STD)
diseases, such as syphilis, gonorrhea, and genital herpes, transmitted during sexual contact (also called venereal disease and sexually transmitted infection (STI))
sterilization
process that renders and individual unable to produce offspring
syphilis
chronic infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, which is transmitted by sexual contact, may be acquired in utero, or (less often) contracted through direct contact with infected tissue. If untreated, the infection usually progresses through three clinical stages with a latent period. The initial local infection quickly becomes systemic with widespread dissemination of the bacterium.
trichomoniasis
a sexually transmitted disease caused by a one-cell organism, Trichomonas. It infects the genitourinary tract. Men may be asymptomatic or may develop urethritis, an enlarged prostate gland, or epididymitis. Women have vaginal itching, dysuria, and vaginal or urethral discharge.
AIDS
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
BPH
benign prostatic hyperplasia
DRE
digital rectal examination
ED
erectile dysfunction
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
HPV
human papillomavirus
PSA
prostate-specific antigen
RP
radical prostatectomy
STD
sexually transmitted disease
TRUS
transrectal ultrasound
TUIP
transurethral incision of the prostate
TUMT
transurethral microwave therapy
TURP
transurethral resection of the prostate