Chapter 7 Abnormal

Front 1

Acute Pain

Back 1

Pain that typically follows an injury and disappears once the injury heals or is effectively treated.

Front 2

AIDS-related complex (ARC)

Back 2

Group of minor health problems such as weight loss, fever, and night sweats that appears after HIV infection but before development of full-blown AIDS.

Front 3

Antigen

Back 3

Foreign material that enters the body, including bacteria and parasites.

Front 4

Autoimmune disease

Back 4

Condition in which the body’s immune system attacks healthy tissue rather than antigens.

Front 5

Biofeedback

Back 5

Use of physiological monitoring equipment to make individuals aware of their own bodily functions, such as blood pressure or brain waves, that they cannot normally access, with the purpose of controlling these functions.

Front 6

Cancer

Back 6

Category of often-fatal medical conditions involving abnormal cell growth and malignancy.

Front 7

Cardiovascular disease

Back 7

Afflictions in the mechanisms, including the heart, blood vessels, and their controllers, responsible for transporting blood to the body’s tissues and organs. Psychological factors may play important roles in such diseases and their treatments.

Front 8

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)

Back 8

Incapacitating exhaustion following only minimal exertion, accompanied by fever, headaches, muscle and joint pain, depression, and anxiety.

Front 9

Chronic Pain

Back 9

Enduring pain that does not decrease over time; may occur in muscles, joints, and the lower back; and may be caused by enlarged blood vessels or degenerating or cancerous tissue. Other significant factors are social and psychological.

Front 10

coronary heart disease (CHD)

Back 10

Blockage of the arteries supplying blood to the heart muscle; a major cause of death in Western culture, with social and psychological factors involved.

Front 11

endogenous opioid

Back 11

Substance occurring naturally throughout the body that functions like a neurotransmitter to shut down pain sensation even in the presence of marked tissue damage. These opioids may contribute to psychological problems such as eating disorders. Also known as an endorphin or enkephalin.

Front 12

essential hypertension

Back 12

High blood pressure with no verifiable physical cause, which makes up the overwhelming majority of high blood pressure cases.

Front 13

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Back 13

Sequence of reactions to sustained stress described by Hans Selye. These stages are alarm, resistance, and exhaustion, which may lead to death.

Front 14

health psychology

Back 14

Subfield of behavioral medicine that studies psychological factors important in health promotion and maintenance.

Front 15

hypertension

Back 15

Major risk factor for stroke and heart and kidney disease that is intimately related to psychological factors. Also known as high blood pressure.

Front 16

Immune System

Back 16

Body’s means of identifying and eliminating any foreign materials (for example, bacteria, parasites, and even transplanted organs) that enter.

Front 17

Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)

Back 17

Study of psychological influences on the neurological responding involved in the body’s immune response.

Front 18

Relaxation response

Back 18

Active components of meditation methods, including repetitive thoughts of a sound to reduce distracting thoughts and closing the mind to other intruding thoughts, that decrease the flow of stress hormones and neurotransmitters and cause a feeling of calm.

Front 19

Rheumatoid arthritis

Back 19

Painful, degenerative disease in which the immune system essentially attacks itself, resulting in stiffness, swelling, and even destruction of the joints. Cognitive–behavioral treatments can help relieve pain and stiffness.

Front 20

Self-efficacy

Back 20

Perception of having the ability to cope with stress or challenges.

Front 21

Stress

Back 21

Body’s physiological response to a stressor, which is any event or change that requires adaptation.

Front 22

Stroke

Back 22

Temporary blockage of blood vessels supplying the brain, or a rupture of vessels in the brain, resulting in temporary or permanent loss of brain functioning. Also known as a cerebral vascular accident (CVA).

Front 23

Type A Behavior pattern

Back 23

Cluster of behaviors including excessive competitiveness, time-pressured impatience, accelerated speech, and anger, originally thought to promote high risk for heart disease.

Front 24

Type B Behavior pattern

Back 24

Cluster of behaviors including a relaxed attitude, indifference to time pressure, and less forceful ambition; originally thought to promote low risk for heart disease.