Chapter 7: Installation And Establishment

Front 1

Trees are generally available from the nursery in one of the four forms:

Back 1

"bare root
containerized
container grown
balled and burlaped"

Front 2

Bare-root trees are normally planted when (blank), before buds begin to grow.

Back 2

dormant

Front 3

(blank) roots can become a problem because they can constrict the vascular system in the trunk or in other roots.

Back 3

Girdling

Front 4

Planting holes should be dug (blank) to (blank) times the width of the root ball at the surface, with the sides sloping down to the diameter at the base of the root ball.

Back 4

2 to 3

Front 5

Trees that are dug in the nursery are often wrapped with (blank) to help keep the root ball intact and reduce exposure of the roots to air.

Back 5

Burlap

Front 6

The planting hole should never be (blank) than the root ball.

Back 6

Deeper

Front 7

in areas where the soil is heavy clay, plant trees with the rootball (blank) to (blank) inches ((blank) to (blank)cm) higher than the original grade.

Back 7

"2 to 3
5 to 8"

Front 8

true/false-- research has shown that soil amendments generally do not assist the tree in establishment and growth.

Back 8

TRUE

Front 9

true/false-- digging a tree for transplanting can remove as much as 90 percent of the absorbing roots

Back 9

TRUE

Front 10

in temperate climates, the two best times to transplant most trees are (blank)(blank) and (blank).

Back 10

early spring and fall

Front 11

when transplanting a tree, the root ball should be (blank) to (blank) inches ((blank) to (blank)cm) diameter for every inch (centimeter) of tree caliper. in general, a root ball depth of (blank) to (blank) feet ((blank) to (blank)m) should be sufficient.

Back 11

"10 to 12
25 to 30
2.5 to 3
.7 to.9"

Front 12

true/false-- if trees have wire baskets to help maintain the integrity of the root ball, these baskets should never be removed nor should the top portion be cut off at planting.

Back 12

FALSE

Front 13

true/false-- most of the new roots generated after planting will grow horizontally and near the soil surface.

Back 13

TRUE

Front 14

"Pre-digging to create a more densely rooted ball es called (blank)(blank).

Back 14

Root Pruning

Front 15

true/false-- staking of newly planted trees is not always necessary.

Back 15

TRUE

Front 16

"Name three adverse effects of staking or guying trees.

Back 16

"a. wounding of trunk or branches
b. girdling if left in place too long
c. less stable root development
d. un even trunk wood and taper development"

Front 17

"true/false-- the material used to attach the tree to the stake should be broad, smooth, and flexible.

Back 17

TRUE

Front 18

warm soil temperatures and adequate soil (blank) are the optimal conditions for new root growth.

Back 18

moisture

Front 19

true/false-- in general, palms are easy to transplant

Back 19

TRUE

Front 20

when transplanting palms, the fronds are often tied up to protect the solitary (blank).

Back 20

bud

Front 21

Transplant shock is mainly due to (blank) stress from the greatly reduced root system.

Back 21

water

Front 22

if fertilizer is applied at planting, it should be a (blank)-(blank) release type to avoid excess salt build up in the root zone.

Back 22

slow-release

Front 23

True/false-- there is no advantage to pruning one-third of the tree crown at the time of planting

Back 23

TRUE

Front 24

the most important maintenance factor in survival of a newly planted tree is proper (blank)

Back 24

irrigation/watering

Front 25

true/false-- tree roots may suffocate if the tree receives too much water after planting.

Back 25

TRUE

Front 26

What are the advantages and disadvantages to planting each of the following ways:bare root, balled and bur-lapped and container grown?

Back 26

"bare root- a. no girdled d. root rot
balled and burlapped- a. blank d. blank
container grown- a easy handle d. girdled"

Front 27

why is the use of soil amendments in the back fill of planting holes no longer recommended

Back 27

immediate change in soil texture and ph stresses the plant out

Front 28

what are some of the special considerations of transplanting palms?

Back 28

weak trunk & thin trunk

Front 29

pruning of one-third of a trees crown to compensate for root loss when transplanting has not proven to be beneficial. why might this be the case?

Back 29

photosynthesis is reduced, reducing root growth

Front 30

staking or gying when planting a tree is
a. done only for bare- root trees
b. not necessary for trees greater than 6 inches (15cm) diameter
c. not always required or necessary
d. for promoting a larger and stronger root system and better trunk taper

Back 30

not always required or necessary

Front 31

planting a row of palms at barious depths to create a row of uniform height
a. will not be harmful as long as the soil is sandy and well drained
b. can lead to death of the deeply plant trees
c. is acceptable due to the deep rooting of palms
d. is recommended to achieve deep rooting in sandy soils

Back 31

can lead to death of the deeply plant trees

Front 32

placing gravel in the bottom of planting hole in a clay soil site will
a. improve drainage
b. prevent formation of girdling roots
c. restrict soil space and create a perched water table
d. improve aeration and water infiltration

Back 32

restrict soil space and create a perched water table

Front 33

when planting a container -grown tree,
a. separate and tease apart the roots to reduce girdling root formation
b. place soft fill in the bottom of the planting hole to encourage tap root growth
c. back fill the hole with soilless growth medium to encourage root growth
d. none of the above

Back 33

separate and tease apart the roots to reduce girdling root formation

Front 34

the most important reason to prune a tree when transplanting is to
a. compensate for root loss
b. invigorate the tree
c. reduce growth at the tips
d. remove structurally weak or damaged branches

Back 34

remove structurally weak or damaged branches