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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
cell theory
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generalization that all living things are composed of cells, and that cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things
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micrograph
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photograph of the view through a microscope
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organelle
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part of a cell with a specific function
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plasma membrane
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thin outer boundary of a cell that regulates the traffic of chemicals between the cell and its surroundings
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nucleus
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in an atom, the central core that contains protons and neutrons (Concept 4.2); in a cell, the part that houses the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA
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cytoplasm
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region of a cell between the nucleus and the plasma membrane
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cell wall
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strong wall outside a plant cell's plasma membrane that protects the cell and maintains its shape
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prokaryotic cell
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cell lacking a nucleus and most other organelles
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eukaryotic cell
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cell with a nucleus (surrounded by its own membrane) and other internal organelles
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phospholipid bilayer
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two-layer "sandwich" of molecules that surrounds a cell
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diffusion
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net movement of the particles of a substance from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated
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equilibrium
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point at which the number of diffusing molecules moving in one direction is equal to the number moving in the opposite direction
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selectively permeable membrane
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membrane that allows some substances to pass more easily than others and blocks the passage of some substances altogether
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passive transport
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diffusion across a membrane requiring only the random motion of molecules with no energy expended by the cell
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facilitated diffusion
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pathway provided by transport proteins that helps certain molecules pass through a membrane
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osmosis
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passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane
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hypertonic
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having a higher concentration of solute than another solution
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hypotonic
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having a lower concentration of solute than another solution
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isotonic
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having a solute concentration equal to that of another solution
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active transport
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movement of molecules across a membrane requiring energy to be expended by the cell
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vesicle
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small membrane-bound sac that functions in moving products into, out of, and within a cell
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exocytosis
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process of exporting proteins from a cell by a vesicle fusing with the plasma membrane and spilling the proteins outside the cell
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endocytosis
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process of taking material into a cell within vesicles that bud inward from the plasma membrane
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nuclear envelope
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double membrane that surrounds a cell nucleus
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nucleolus
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ball-like mass of fibers and granules in a cell nucleus
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ribosome
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cluster of proteins and nucleic acids that constructs proteins in a cell
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endoplasmic reticulum
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network of membranes within a cell's cytoplasm that produces a variety of molecules
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Golgi apparatus
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cellular organelle that modifies, stores, and routes cell products
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vacuole
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membrane-bound sac that buds from the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi apparatus
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lysosome
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membrane-bound sac containing digestive enzymes that can break down proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides
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chloroplast
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organelle found in some plant cells and certain unicellular organisms where photosynthesis takes place
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mitochondria
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cellular organelles where cellular respiration occurs
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ATP
(adenosine triphosphate) |
main energy source that cells use for most of their work
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microtubule
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straight, hollow tube of proteins that gives rigidity, shape, and organization to a cell
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microfilament
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solid rod of protein, thinner than a microtubule, that enables a cell to move or change shape
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flagella
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long, thin, whip-like structures, with a core of microtubules, that enable some cells to move
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cilia
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short structures projecting from a cell and containing bundles of microtubules that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's surface
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