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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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mindset of Cairo conference ‘94
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-Development must be linked to a reduction in poverty
-Existing poverty is an affront to humanity and should not be tolerated -Both poverty and development are threats to the health of the environment |
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Reasons for Large Families in Developing Countries
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-Old age security – to assure caring for older parents
-High infant and childhood mortality rates -Children are an economic asset – more hands available to do needed work -Education is an economic liability – education is expensive/not important especially for girls; less kids to work * -Status of women – tradition discourages women from doing anything but bear kids or domestic duties; more children, the more respect a woman receives* -Unavailability of contraceptives – expensive, too.* |
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Contraceptives
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-Psychological/Behavioral: abstention, calendar rhythm method
-Mechanical: condoms, diaphragms -Chemical: the pill, Norplant -Surgical: tubal ligation, vasectomy -Intrauterine Devices (IUD): abortion device |
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Poverty Cycle
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Poverty > overusing resources for survival = env. degration >more children = High fertility > dwindling resources = Poverty
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Why are smaller families
seen in societies with industrialization and development? |
- high cost of raising children
- opportunities for more women to work - free access to contraceptives - wider education opportunities and higher education achievement -older age at marriage |
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Millennium development goals
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1. eradicate poverty and hunger
2. achieve universal primary education 3. promote gender equality and empower women 4. reduce child mortality 5. Improve maternal health 6. ensure environmental sustainability 7. Forge a global partnership for development |
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what is the “World Bank?”
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A branch of the UN that loans money at low or no
interest to developing countries to aid in making improvements to the poor and the environment |
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debt in 2001
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$2.44 trillion
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Coping with the Debt Crisis
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-Grow cash crops at expense of peasant farmers; hunger & poverty increased
-Develop austerity measures – gov’ts cut expenditures to pay interest on loans; programs cut hurt the country (schools, roads, health clinics, etc.) -Exploit natural resources for quick cash; earnings still low |
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What is a Grameen Bank?
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Provide small loans to individuals (as low as 67$)
in developing countries to help them start a business (e.g. farmer buy seed, baker buy pans, etc.) |
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The 1994 Int’l Conference on Population & Development (ICPD) Program of Action
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-Maintaining and enhancing productivity of natural resources
-Empowerment of women -Emphasis on family -Enhancing reproductive and basic health of women and children -Improve education opportunities for women -Reduce population migrations International cooperation (0.7% GNP of developed world) |
