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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Memory |
An active system that receives information from the senses, organized and alters that information as it stores it away, and then retrieves the information from storage. |
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Stages of Memory Process |
Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval |
3 Stages |
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Processes of Memory |
The Information-Processing Model assumes that the processing of information for memory storage is similar to the way in which a computer processes memory. |
In a series of 3 Stages |
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Encoding |
The set of mental operations that people perform on sensory information in order to convert that information into a form that is usable in the brain's time. |
1st Stage of Memory Process |
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Storage |
Holding onto information for some period of time. |
2nd Stage of Memory Process |
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Retrieval |
Getting information that is in storage and putting it into a form that can be used again. |
3rd Stage of Memory Process |
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According to the Levels of Processing Model |
We are most likely to remember information that we process at a deeper level. |
It will be remembered more efficiently and for a longer period of time. |
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Types of Memory Systems |
Sensory Memory, Short-Term Memory (STM), and Long-Term Memory (LTM) |
3 Types |
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Sensory Memory |
The point at which information enters the nervous system through the sensory systems. |
A Process of Memory |
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Selective Attention |
The ability to focus on only one stimulus from among all sensory input. |
(STM) |
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Iconic Sensory Memory |
Visual sensory memory |
Lasts only a fraction of a second. |
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Capacity of Iconic Sensory Memory |
Everything that can be seen at one time. |
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Duration of Iconic Sensory Memory |
Information that has just entered iconic memory will be pushed over very quickly by new information. |
A process called: Masking |
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Echoic Sensory Memory |
The brief, memory of something a person had just heard. |
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Capacity of Echoic Sensory Memory |
Limited to what can be heard at any one moment. |
Smaller that the capacity of Iconic Memory. |
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Duration of Echoic Sensory Memory |
Lasts longer than Iconic Memory. |
Lasts about 2 - 4 seconds. |
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Short-Term Memory (STM) |
WORKING MEMORY: The memory system in which information is held for brief periods of time while being used. |
MAGIC NUMBER = 7 (A Process of Memory) |
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Chunking |
Bits of information are combined into meaningful units, or chunks, so that more information can be held in |
(STM) |
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Maintenance Rehearsal |
Saying bits of information, to be remembered, over and over in one's hear in order to maintain them in. |
STM tends to be encoded in auditory form. |
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Long-Term Memory (LTM) |
The memory system into which all the information is placed to be kept more or less permanently. |
A Process of Memory |
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Elaborative Rehearsal |
A method of transferring information from STM into LTM by making that information meaningful in some way. |
(LTM) |
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Episodic Memory |
Declative memory containing personal information not readily available to others. |
Daily activities and events. Type of (LTM). |
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Retrieval Cue |
Stimulus for remembering. |
(LTM) |
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Serial Position Effect |
Information at the beginning and at the end of a body of information is more accurately remembered than is the information in the middle. |
Recall |
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Primary Effect |
The tendency to remember information at the beginning of the body of information better than that which follows. |
Type of Serial Position Effect |
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Recency Effect |
The tendency to remember information at the end of a body of information better than the information that proceeded it. |
Type of Serial Position Effect |
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THREE-STAGE PROCESS OF MEMORY |
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The Sensory Events |
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Types of Long-Term Memories |
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4 Types of LTM |
