Chapter 6: Basic Motivation Concepts

Front 1

Define motivation.

Back 1

We'll define motivation as the process that account for an individuals intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.

Front 2

The most well-known theory of motivation is Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs. He hypothesized that within every human being there exists a hierarchy of five needs. List them.

Back 2

1. Physiological: includes hunger thirst, shelter, sex, and other bodily needs.
2. Safety: Includes security, and protection from physical and emotional harm.
3. Social: Includes affection, belongingness, acceptance, and friendship.
4. Esteem: Includes internal esteem factors such as self-respect, autonomy, and achievement; and external esteem factors such as status, recognition, and attention.
5. Self-actualization: The drive to become what one is capable of becoming; includes growth, achieving one's potential, and self-fulfillment.

Front 3

Define Theory X.

Back 3

Theory X:
The assumption that employees dislike work, are lazy, dislike responsibility, and must be coerced to perform.

Front 4

Define theory Y.

Back 4

Theory Y:
The assumption that employees like work, are creative, seek responsibility, and can exercise self-direction.

Front 5

What is the two factor theory (also called motivation-hygiene theory) and who first proposed it?

Back 5

The two factor theory (also called motivation-hygiene theory)was proposed by psychologist Frederick Herzberg. It is the belief that an individual's relation to work is basic and that one's attitude toward work can very well determine success of failure.

Front 6

What is the ERG theory and what does ERG stand for?

Back 6

The ERG Theory:
There are three groups of core needs:
1. Existence
2. Relatedness
3. Growth
E=Existence
R=Relatedness
G=Growth

Front 7

Define hygiene factors.

Back 7

Hygiene factors:
Factors--such as company policy and administration, supervision, and salary--that, when adequate in a job, placate workers. When these factors are adequate, people will not be dissatisfied.

Front 8

Define goal-setting theory.

Back 8

Goal-Setting Theory:
The theory that specific and difficult goals, with feedback, lead to higher performance.

Front 9

Define self-efficacy.

Back 9

Self-efficacy:
The individual's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task.

Front 10

Define reinforcement theory.

Back 10

In reinforcement theory, we have a behavioristic approach, which argues that reinforcement conditions behavior. Behavior is a function of its consequences.