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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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metabolism |
ALL OF THE CHEMICAL REACTIONS THAT TAKE PLACE INSIDE THE CELL |
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anabolism |
anabolism- the building up of molecules requires energy |
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catabolism |
the breaking down of molecules releases energy |
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examples of anabolism |
Producing sugar from CO2 making proteins from amino acids making a new strand of DNA from nucleic acids |
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formula for photosynthesis and how much energy is required |
6CO2+6H2O → C6H12O+6O2 18 ATP are required and 12 NADPH molecules (catabolic) |
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examples of catabolism |
Breaking down sugar to release energy Digesting food |
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Know the formula for cellular respiration and how much energy is released |
C6H12O+6O2 → 6CO2+6H2O 36-38 ATP |
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kinetic |
energy associated with an object in motion |
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potential |
energy that comes from the ability to do work (move) |
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chemical |
potential energy that is specifically stored in chemical bonds |
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Free |
energy available for use after a chemical reaction has occurred (this doesn’t include energy that was used up or given off as heat) |
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Be able to recognize the graphs for endergonic and exergonic reactions |
Ender- goes up Exer- goes down |
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know if the overall change in free energy is positive or negative |
Ender- Positive
Exer- Negative |
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Does this mean that the reaction required or released a net amount of energy. |
Ender- Required Exer- released |
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know which reactions occur spontaneously |
exergonic |
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know which category anabolic and catabolic reactions fall into |
Anabolic- endergonic Catabolic- exergonic |
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Know what activation energy is and be able to describe how it is affected by the use of enzymes |
Energy that is required to start a reaction enzymes make reaction happen faster and lessens required energy |
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Know why even catabolic reactions require some activation energy and where does this activation energy usually come from |
Usually comes from heat Activation energy rearranges molecules so they’re ready for reactions. In the right shape/formation |
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OPEN SYSTEM |
CAN transfer energy from the system to the surroundings ME, get heat from people and sun. release heat to others. |
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CLOSED SYSTEM |
CAN’T transfer energy to its surroundingsuniverse |
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Know what the 1st and 2nd law of thermodynamics state about heat/energy
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1. Energy cannot be created or destroyed. Can only change forms. 2. No energy transfer is completely efficient. Some is lost as unusable energy. |
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Be able to define entropy |
Everything in our universe goes from a state of order to disorder |
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Know the 3 components of an ATP molecule |
Adenine, ribose, and 3 phosphate molecules |
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Know if breaking down ATP requires or releases energy |
Release energy |
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what does breaking down ATP produce? |
ADP and a phosphate |
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Know if creating ATP requires or releases energy. Know the reaction |
requires Take ADP and a phosphate to create ATP |
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catalyst |
molecule used to speed up reactions |
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enzyme |
special catalyst that speeds up biological reactions |
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Know how an enzyme works to lower activation energy |
rearranges molecules so they’re ready for reactions. In the right shape/formation |
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substrate |
the molecules that are doing the reaction. |
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Active site |
are where they attach to on the enzyme |
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Substrate specific |
only certain molecules work with that enzyme |
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know how temperature and pH affect enzyme |
Heating up the enzyme speeds up the reaction. If its heated up too much, its denaturedExtreme pH can denature |
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Know the three ways molecules can regulate the function of enzymes |
competitive inhibition, allosteric inhibition, and allosteric activation |
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Competitive inhibition |
when a competing molecule attaches to the enzyme and keeps a reaction from happening |
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Allosteric inhibition |
attaches to somewhere other than the active site to keep reaction from happening |
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Allosteric activation- attaches to the enzyme, makes the active site do the reaction |
attaches to the enzyme, makes the active site do the reaction |
