Chapter 6

Front 1

Samuel de Champlain

Back 1

French explorer who sailed to the West Indies, Mexico, and Panama. He wrote many books telling of his trips to Mexico City and Niagara Falls. His greatest accomplishment was his exploration of the St. Lawrence River and his latter settlement of Quebec

Front 2

William Pitt

Back 2

British leader between 1757-1758. He was a leader in the London government earning himself the name, "Organizer of Victory" for his leadership in changing the direction and organization of the French & Indian War. Pittsburg was named after him

Front 3

Robert de La Salle

Back 3

French explorer who named Louisiana. He was the first European to float down the Mississippi River to the tip from Canada and upon seeing the beautiful river valley, named Louisiana after his king, Louis XIV, in 1682

Front 4

James Wolfe

Back 4

British general whose success in the Battle of Quebec won Canada for the British Empire. Even though the battle was only fifteen minutes, Wolfe was killed in the line of duty. This was a decisive battle in the French and Indian War. Edward Braddock -- British commander during the French and Indian War. He attempted to capture Fort Duquesne in 1755. He was defeated by the French and the Indians who fought “Indian Style of Warfare” (guerilla warfare hiding behind trees and rocks) At this battle, Braddock was mortally wounded

Front 5

Pontiac

Back 5

Indian Chief who led a post-war flare-up in the Ohio River Valley and Great Lakes Region in 1763. His actions led to the Proclamation of 1763 which forbade American settlements across the Appalachians and infuriated Americans who felt they’d just fought a war to win that land

Front 6

Huguenots

Back 6

French Protestants that lived from about 1560 to 1629. Protestantism was introduced into France between 1520 and 1523, and the principles were accepted by many members of the nobility, the intellectual classes, and the middle class. At first the new religious group was royally protected, but toward the end of the reign of King Francis I they were persecuted. Nevertheless, they continued to grow, were persecuted, then fled to the New World

Front 7

French and Indian War

Back 7

A war that generally saw the French and Indians team up against English and Americans. I took place on American soil over control of the Ohio River Valley. The English defeated the French in 1763. Historical significance lay in the facts that (1) it established England as the number one world power, (2) France was totally kicked out of North America, (3) England/America gained the land all the way to the Mississippi River, and (4) subsequent events began to gradually change the attitudes of the colonists toward England for the worse

Front 8

Albany Congress

Back 8

A conference in the United States colonies from June 19 through July 11, 1754 in Albany New York. It advocated a union of the British colonies for their security and defense against French. Ben Franklin was the famous proponent of the idea with his “Join or Die” disjointed snake cartoon. Eventually, unity was NOT achieved though, as the colonies didn’t want to give up their independence and sovereignty to a national group

Front 9

Proclamation of 1763

Back 9

An English law enacted after gaining territory from the French at the end of the French and Indian War. It forbade the colonists from settling beyond the Appalachian Mountains. The colonists felt betrayed by the act thinking they’d just fought the war for the land then were not allowed to settle there. The Proclamation of 1763 caused the first major revolt against the British

Front 10

Edict of Nantes (1598)

Back 10

Decree issued by the French crown granting limited toleration to French Protestants; ended religious wars in France and inaugurated a period of French preeminence in Europe and across the Atlantic; it’s repeal in 1685 prompted a fresh migration of Protestant Huguenots to North America

Front 11

coureurs de bois

Back 11

Translated as “runners of the woods,” they were French fur-trappers, also known as “voyageurs” (travelers), who established trading posts throughout North America; fur-trade wreaked havoc on the health and folkways o their Native American trading partners

Front 12

King Wiliiam’s War (1689—1697)

Back 12

War fought largely between the French trappers, British settlers, and their respective Indian allies; the colonial theater of the larger Wars of the League of Augsburg in Europe

Front 13

Queen Anne’s War (1702-1713)

Back 13

Second in a series of conflicts between the European powers for control of North Americal fought between the English and the French colonists in the North and the English and Spanish in Florida; under the peace traty, the French ceded Acadia (Nova Scotia), New Foundland, and Hudson Bay to Britain

Front 14

War of Jenkins’s Ear (began in 1739)

Back 14

Small-scale clash between Britain and Spain in the Caribbean and in the buffer colony, Georgia; it merged with the much larger War of Austrian Succession in 1742

Front 15

King George’s War (1744-1748)

Back 15

North American theater of Europe’s War of Austrian Succession that once again putted British colonists against their French counterparts in the North the peace settlement did not involve any territorial realignment, leading to conflict between New England settlers and the British government

Front 16

Acadians

Back 16

French residents of Nova Scotia, many of whom were uprooted by the British in 1755 and scattered as far south as Louisiana, where their descendants became known as “Cajuns”

Front 17

Regulars

Back 17

Trained professional soldiers, as distinct from militia or conscripts during the French and Indian War, British generals, used to commanding experienced regulars, often showed contempt for ill-trained colonial militiamen

Front 18

Battle of Quebec (1759)

Back 18

Historic British victory over French forces on the outskirts of Quebec; the surrender of Quebec marked the beginning of the end of French rule in North America

Front 19

. Louis VIX (1638-1715)

Back 19

Long-reigning French monarch who took a keen interest in colonization, sending French explorers throughout North America, establishing outposts in present-day Canada and Louisiana, and launching France to global preeminence; oversaw the construction of the magnificent palace at Versailles, from where he ruled until his death

Front 20

Edward Braddock (1695-1755)

Back 20

Hardheaded and imperious British general, whose detachment of British and colonial soldiers was routed by French and Indian forces at Fort Duquesne