Chapter 21

Front 1

Battle of Antietam

Back 1

Landmark battle in the Civil War that essentially ended in a draw but demonstrated the prowess of the Union army, forestalling foreign intervention and giving Lincoln the “victory” he needed to issue the Emancipation Proclamation

Front 2

Appomattox Courthouse

Back 2

Site where Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant in April 1865 after almost a year of brutal fighting throughout Virginia in the “Wilderness Campaign”

Front 3

Battle of Bull Run (Manassas junction)

Back 3

First major battle of the Civil War and a victory for the South, it dispelled Northern illusions of swift victory

Front 4

Second Battle of Bull Run

Back 4

Civil War battle that ended in a decisive victory for Confederate General Robert E. Lee, who was emboldened to push further into the North

Front 5

Congressional Committee on the Conduct of the War

Back 5

Established by Congress during the Civil War to oversee military affairs. Largely under the control of Radical Republicans, the committee agitated for a more vigorous war effort and actively pressed Lincoln on the issue of emancipation

Front 6

Copperheads

Back 6

Northern Democrats who obstructed the war effort attacking Abraham Lincoln, the draft and, after 1863, emancipation

Front 7

Emancipation Proclamation

Back 7

Declared all slaves in rebelling states to be free but did not affect slavery in non-rebelling Border States. The Proclamation closed the door on possible compromise with the South and encouraged thousands of Southern slaves to flee to Union lines

Front 8

Battle of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson

Back 8

Key victory for Union General Ulysses S. Grant, it secured the North’s hold on Kentucky and paved the way for Grant’s attacks deeper into Tennesse

Front 9

Battle of Fredericksburg

Back 9

Decisive victory in Virginia for Confederate Robert E. Lee, who successfully repelled a Union attack on his lines

Front 10

Gettysburg Address

Back 10

Abraham Lincoln’s oft-quoted speech, delivered at the dedication of the cemetery at Gettysburg battlefield. In the address, Lincoln framed the war as a means to uphold the values of liberty

Front 11

Battle of Gettysburg

Back 11

Civil War battle in Pennsylvania that ended in Union victory, spelling doom for the Confederacy, which never again managed to invade the North. Site of General George Pickett’s daring but doomed charge on the Northern lines

Front 12

Merrimack

Back 12

Confederate and Union ironclads, respectively, whose successes against wooden ships signaled an end to wooden warships. They fought an historic, though inconsequential battle in 1862

Front 13

Monitor

Back 13

See Merrimack

Front 14

Peninsula Campaign

Back 14

Union General George B. McClellan’s failed effort to seize Richmond, the Confederate Capital. Had McClellan taken Richmond and toppled the Confederacy, slavery would have most likely survived in the South for some time

Front 15

Reform Bill of 1867

Back 15

Granted suffrage to all male British citizens, dramatically expanding the electorate. The success of the American democratic experiment, reinforced by the Union victory in the Civil War, was used as one of the arguments in favor of the Bill

Front 16

Sherman’s March

Back 16

Union General William Tecumseh Sherman’s destructive march through Georgia. An early instance of “total war,” purposely targeting infrastructure and civilian property to diminish morale and undercut the Confederate war effort

Front 17

Battle of Shiloh

Back 17

Bloody Civil War battle on the Tennessee-Mississippi border that resulted in the deaths of more than 23,000 soldiers and ended in a marginal Union victory

Front 18

Edward Everett Hale’s fictional account of a treasonous soldier’s journeys in exile. The book was widely read in the North, inspiring greater devotion to the Union

Back 18

Edward Everett Hale’s fictional account of a treasonous soldier’s journeys in exile. The book was widely read in the North, inspiring greater devotion to the Union

Front 19

Thirteenth Amendment

Back 19

Constitutional amendment prohibiting all forms of slavery and involuntary servitude. Former Confederate States were required to ratify the amendment prior to gaining reentry into the Union

Front 20

Union party

Back 20

A coalition party of pro-war Democrats and Republicans formed during the 1864 election to defeat antiwar Northern Democrats

Front 21

Siege of Vicksburg

Back 21

Two-and-a-half month siege of a Confederate fort on the Mississippi River in Tennessee. Vicksburg finally fell to Ulysses S. Grant in July of 1863, giving the Union Army control of the Mississippi River and splitting the South in two

Front 22

Wilderness Campaign

Back 22

A series of brutal clashes between Ulysses S. Grant’s and Robert E. Lee’s armies in Virginia, leading up to Grant’s capture of Richmond in April of 1865. Having lost Richmond, Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse