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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the skeletal system include? |
Bones of the skeleton, cartilages, ligaments and connective tissues |
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What are the five primary functions of the skeletal system? |
Support, storage, blood cell production, protection, leverage |
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How are bones classified? |
By their shape, internal tissue organization and bone markings |
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What are the 6 bone shapes |
Sutural, irregular, short, flat, long and sesamoid |
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What are sesamoid bones? |
Small and flat bones that develop inside tendons near joints of knees hands and feet |
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What are the types of bone markings? |
Depression or grooves Along the bone surface
Elevations or projections Where tendons and ligaments
Tunnels Where blood and nerves enter bone
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What are sutural bones? |
Small irregular bones found between the flat bones of the skull |
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What are irregular bones? Example? |
Bones that have complex shape I.e spinal vertebrae and pelvic bones |
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What are short bones? Example? |
Small and thick bones Ex. Ankle and wrist bones |
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What are flat bones? |
Thin bones with parallel surfaces found in the skull, ribs and scapulae |
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What are long bones? |
Long and thin bones found in arms, legs, hands and feet |
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What are the structures of a flat bone? |
The parietal bone of the skull, resembles a sandwich of a spongy bone between 2 layers of compact bone |
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What is a diploe? |
A layer of soft bone between 2 layers of compact bone |
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What is bone tissue? |
Dense, supportive connective tissue contains specialized cells, produces solid matrix of calcium salt deposits |
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What are the characteristics of bone tissue? |
A dense matrix containing: Deposits of calcium salts, osteocytes with lacunae organized around blood vessels |
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What are the structures of a flat bone? |
The parietal bone of the skull, resembles a sandwich of spongy bones between 2 layers of compact bones |
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What is a diploe? |
A layer of soft spongy bone between 2 layers of compact bone |
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What is bone tissue? |
Dense, supportive connective tissue contains specialized cells, produces a matrix or calcium salt deposits |
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What are the characteristics of bone tissue? |
A dense matrix containing; Deposits of calcium salts Osteocytes with lacunae organized around blood vessels Canaliculi Periosteum |
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What is the structure of a long bone? |
Diaphysis, epiphysis, metaphysis |
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What is the diaphysis of a long bone? |
The shaft, a heavy wall of compact bone, a central space called medullary cavity |
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What is the epiphysis of a long bone |
Wide part at each end, articulation with other bones, mostly spongy bone, covered with compact bone |
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What is the metaphysis of a long bone? |
Where the diaphysis and epiphysis meet |
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What are the functions of canaluculi in the bone tissue? |
Forms pathways for blood vessels, exchange nutrients and waste |
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What are the functions of periosteum in bone tissue? |
Covers outer surfaces of bones, consists of outer fibrous and inner cellular layers |
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What are the characteristics of the bone matrix? |
2/3 of the bone matrix is calcium phosphate 1/3 of the bone matrix is collagen fibers |
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What are the types of bone cells? |
Osteocytes Osteoblasts Osteoprogenitor cells Osteoclasts |
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What are osteocytes? |
Mature bone cells that maintain the bone matrix Do NOT divide |
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What are the 2 major functions of osteocytes? |
To maintain protein and mineral content of matrix To help repair damaged bone |
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What are osteoblasts? |
Immature bone cells that secrete matrix compounds (osteogensis) |
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What is osteoid? |
A matrix produced by osteoblasts, but not yet calcified to form bone |
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What are osteoprogenitor cells? |
Mesenchymal stem cells that divide to produce osteoblasts |
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What are osteoclasts? |
Giant, multinucleate cells that dissolve bone matrix and release stored minerals (osteolysis) |
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What is homeostasis in bone tissue? |
Bone building and bone recycling must balance |
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What is the structure of compact bone? |
Osteon is the basic unit, osteocytes are arranged in concentric lamellae, arouns a central canal containing blood vessels, has perforating canals |
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What are the functions of perforating canals in compact bones? |
Perpendicular to the central canal carry blood vessels into bone marrow |
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What are the functions of circumferential lamellae in compact bone? |
Lamellae wrapped around the long bone, binds osteons together |
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What are the structures of spongy bone? |
The matrix forms an open network of trabeculae Does not have osteons Has red and yellow bone marrow |
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Functions of red bone marrow in spongy bone? |
Has blood vessels Forms red blood cells Supplies nutrients to osteocytes |
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Functions of yellow bone marrow in spongy bone? |
Yellow bone marrow stores fat |
