Chapter 6

Front 1

What are the three types of microscopes?

Back 1

Light (LM), Scanning electron(SEMs), Transmission electron(TEMs)

Front 2

What are Light microscopes used for?

Back 2

magnifies the image

Front 3

What are Scanning electron microscopes used for?

Back 3

useful for studying the surface structures ,3d look of structure

Front 4

What are transmission electron microscopes used for?

Back 4

used to study the internal ultrastructure of cells.

Front 5

What is cytology?

Back 5

The study of cell structures

Front 6

What is Cell Fractionation?

Back 6

takes cells apart and seperates the major organelles from one another

Front 7

All cells are surrounded by a selective barrier called?

Back 7

Plasma membrane

Front 8

A major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is the location of the?

Back 8

DNA

Front 9

In a eukaryotic cell most of the DNA is in an organelle bounded by a double membrane which is the?

Back 9

Nucleus

Front 10

In a prokaryotic cell the DNA is concentrated in the BLANK, without a membrane separating it from the rest of the cell?

Back 10

Nucleoid

Front 11

What is cytoplasm?

Back 11

The interior of a prokaryotic cell and the region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane of a eukaryotic cell.

Front 12

What is absent from prokaryotes?

Back 12

membrane-bound organelles.
Nucleus

Front 13

As a cell increases in size, its BLANK increases faster than its surface area?

Back 13

Volume

Front 14

BLANK objects have a higher ratio of surface area to volume?

Back 14

Smaller

Front 15

Surface to volume is important to?

Back 15

efficiently get food in and out.

Front 16

The BLANK (two words) functions as a selective barrier that allows the passage of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes for the whole volume of the cell?

Back 16

Plasma Membrane

Front 17

The BLANK contains most of the genes in a eukaryotic cell?

Back 17

Nucleus

Front 18

Additional genes are located in blank and blank?

Back 18

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Front 19

What is a nuclear envelope?

Back 19

a double membrane where the nucleus is separated from the cytoplasm

Front 20

What are chromosomes?

Back 20

structures that carry the genetic information

Front 21

Each chromosome is made up of material called BLANK, a complex of proteins and DNA?

Back 21

chromatin

Front 22

What is the nucleolus?

Back 22

a region in the nucleus of densely stained fibers and granules adjoining chromatin.

Front 23

Blank are the cellular components that carry out protein synthesis?

Back 23

Ribosomes

Front 24

There are two types of ribosomes and they are and what do they do?

Back 24

Free ribosomes and Bound ribosomes.
free- suspended in the cytosol and synthesize proteins that function within the cytosol.
Bound- are attached to the outside of the endoplasmic reticulum or nuclear envelope, they synthesize proteins that are inserted into membranes, packaged into organelles such as ribosomes, or exported from the cell.

Front 25

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) accounts for more than half the membranes in a BLANK (two words)

Back 25

Eukaryotic cell

Front 26

what are the two different types of ER and their structures and functions?

Back 26

Smooth ER - looks smooth because it lacks ribosomes. it is rich in enzymes plays a role in sythesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates, includes the sex hormones of vertebrates and adrenal steroids, also stores calcium ions.

Rough ER - looks rough because ribosomes are attached to the outside, including the outside of the nulear envelope,abundant in cells that secrete proteins.

Front 27

What is golgi apparatus?

Back 27

the shipping and recieving center for cell products
consists of flattened membranous sacs

Front 28

products from the BLANK are usually modified during their transit from the cis to the trans region of the BlANK (two words)

Back 28

ER and Golgi apparatus

Front 29

What is a lysosome?

Back 29

a membrane-bound sac of hydrolytic enzymes that an animal cell uses to digest macromolecules.

Front 30

A large BLANK (two words) is found in many mature plant cells.

Back 30

Central Vacuole

Front 31

BLANK and BLANK are the organelles that convert energy to forms that cells can use for work.

Back 31

Mitochondria
energy out
and Chloroplasts
energy in

Front 32

what are found in leaves and other green organs of plants and algae?

Back 32

`Chloroplasts

Front 33

A process in which a unicellular organism engulfs another cell, which lives within the host cell, also refers to the hypothesis that mitochondria and plastids were formerly small prokaryotics that began living within larger cells is what?

Back 33

Endosymbiosis

Front 34

What does the cytoskeleton do?

Back 34

supports the cell and maintains the cell's shape.

Front 35

Microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments are the three main types of fibers that make up the BLANK?

Back 35

Cytoskeleton

Front 36

Which of the main fibers of the cytoskeleton are the thickest, thinnest and middle ranged?

Back 36

thickest- Microtubules
Thinnest- Microfilaments
Middle Range- Intermediate filaments

Front 37

Dynein is powered by what?

Back 37

ATP

Front 38

Microfilaments are present in all BANK ( two words)

Back 38

Eukaryotic Cells

Front 39

The BLANK supports the cells shape inside the plasma membrane?

Back 39

Cortex

Front 40

Intermediate filaments are specialized for bearing what?

Back 40

tension

Front 41

Microtubules have arrangments of what?

Back 41

9+0 and 9+2

Front 42

Where are cell walls found?

Back 42

found in prokaryotes, fungi, and some protists.

Front 43

In plants what do cell walls do?

Back 43

protects the cell, maintains its shape, prevents excessive uptake of water, and supports that plan against the force of gravity.

Front 44

What are plant cell walls made of?

Back 44

Cellulose fibers

Front 45

in a young plant cell the thin and flexible wall is called the?

Back 45

Primary cell wall

Front 46

the secondary cell wall is between the BLANK and BLANK?

Back 46

plasma membrane and primary wall

Front 47

What are the three main types of intercellular links that animals have?

Back 47

tight junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions.

Front 48

Tight Junctions do?

Back 48

prevent leakage of extracellular fluid

Front 49

Desmosomes do?

Back 49

fasten cells together into strong sheets, much like rivets

Front 50

Gap junctions do?

Back 50

provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent cells