Chapter 52 Bio 109:lecture Notes

Front 1

Population

Back 1

group of individuals of a single species living in a single area

Front 2

all one species that can interbreed

Back 2

population

Front 3

the
number of individuals per unit area


                area that the study is in

Back 3

density

Front 4

counting organisms in an area is called a

Back 4

census

Front 5

estimating is a

Back 5

survey

Front 6

is the orientation of this individuals across a landscape

Back 6

dispersal

Front 7

3 general patterns of dispersion

Back 7

clump
uniform
random

Front 8

individuals occurs in little discrete groups across a unit area

Back 8

Clump

Front 9

resource driven dispersal

Back 9

clump

Front 10

this is the most commonly observed dispersal pattern

Back 10

clump

Front 11

-means there is a equal distance between every individual in a species

Back 11

uniform distribution

Front 12

seen in
territorial species

Back 12

uniform distribution

Front 13

A territorial species is most commonly a

Back 13

nesting bird

Front 14

most animals are not

Back 14

territoral

Front 15

- found mosty in plants

Back 15

random dispersion

Front 16

the position of one organism will not determine the position of another

Back 16

random dispersion

Front 17

least common in nature

Back 17

random dispersion

Front 18

study of the growth of populations and why they are growing, dying, steady

Back 18

demography

Front 19

in demography need to only know the

Back 19

death rates and birth
rates

Front 20

one of the ways a group of ecologist look at
death and birth rates is a

Back 20

life table

Front 21

Life table is constructed in two ways

Back 21

the ecologist will sample organisms in an area over a long term

Front 22

capture all the young then follow their fate until they all die

Back 22

cohort

Front 23

-The best way to construct a life table

Back 23

cohort

Front 24

3 main types of survivorship curve

Back 24

Type
1-(humans and large mammal) low mortality until old age


                                -Type
2-(rodents) constant mortality


                                -Type 3-(mollusk
and fish ) producing as many offsprings as possible and then die. only                                                 1% survive

Front 25

Type
1-

Back 25

(humans and large mammal) low mortality until old age

Front 26

Type
2-

Back 26

constant mortality(rodents)

Front 27

Type 3

Back 27

mollusk
and fish ) producing as many offsprings as possible and then die. only 1% survive

Front 28

is the average time it takes a female to
produce a female

Back 28

generation time

Front 29

-stragies for producing the next generation

Back 29

life history traits

Front 30

4 types Reproductive life history-

Back 30

Semelparity--evident
in salmon-
iteroparity-large mamals
perinals-roses
annual-desert flowers

Front 31

(bi bang reproduction)-one off view- reproduce once in their life then will     die

Back 31

Semelparity--evident
in salmon-

Front 32

iteroparity-large mamals

Back 32

reproducing repeatedly over time (most organisms

Front 33

problem with iterparity

Back 33

problem is you must save up for future
reproduction

Front 34

live one growing period- will spread many seeds
throughout- will die                                                          an
never come back

Back 34

annuals

Front 35

measure of how (good) evolutionary speaking an organism is if it is decreasing not adapted

Back 35

Population growth

Front 36

The population growth rate is (math)

Back 36

birth rate- death rate

Front 37

r is the

Back 37

Population growth rate

Front 38

r=0

Back 38

neutral population growth rate(b=d)

Front 39

r>0

Back 39

positive growth rate means the populations is growing

Front 40

r<0

Back 40

negative growth rate means the population is declining(b<d)

Front 41

population will grow at a maximize rate w/o
limit

Back 41

exponential
growth model

Front 42

maxium number of individuals and ecosystem can support (biotic and abiotic factors)

Back 42

carrying capacity

Front 43

will decline as N get closer to K

Back 43

birth rate

Front 44

will increase as
w N get closer to K

Back 44

death rate

Front 45

2 groups of live history variations

Back 45

K-selective species-species that are generally exceptive to survive at a high rate most likely are type 1. Reprodution is less important. Want to maintain the population near the carrying capacity- Large mammals-stable population
 R-selective species-are more dependent on reproduction. Maximize reproduction-breed indefinitely-not worried about K. will reproduce as much as possible. will reproduce continuously

Front 46

The types of things that can regulate a population

Back 46

-density-independent-
-density-dependent-

Front 47

when the environmental factor that is affecting a population of growth will be affected by density (food availability)

Back 47

-density-dependent-

Front 48

it doesn't matter how many individuals are in the population there are this factor is going to regulate the amount of populations-weather-

Back 48

density-independent

Front 49

high population growth rate leads to high density which leads to
a low population
growth rate


                                          found
more in nature


                                          density
is dependence

Back 49

negative feedback

Front 50

high
population growth rate leads to high density which leads to a high                                                                            population
growth rate unstable found rarely in natrue

Back 50

positive feedback

Front 51

Density
dependent Factors

Back 51

Completion
for resources
Territoriality
Health      
predation
intrinsic factors

Front 52

-in
deer population because they are more dense in                                                                 population
so now the disease will spread more rapidly

Back 52

Chronic Wasting Disease

Front 53

protein
inhibited disease similar to mad cow

Back 53

Chronic Wasting Disease

Front 54

movement to from high birth rate high death rate to low birth
rate low death rate


                          due to
industrialization

Back 54

The
demographic transition

Front 55

informative but are not predictive-

Back 55

Life expectancy and Infant Mortality

Front 56

The larger the footprint the more resources it takes to develop a population
takes a lot of resources to support developed countries
less in developing countries is based on less necessities

Back 56

ecological footprint

Front 57

used per person is an indicator for wealth

Back 57

electricity