Chapter 50 Bio 109 Lecture Note Cards

Front 1

Ecology is the study of

Back 1

the study of the interactions between organisms and the environment

Front 2

_____and ____ time are closely related

Back 2

Ecology and evolutionary

Front 3

Today we have evidence that events in time ____ translate into longer scalesof _____ time

Back 3

ecological and evolutionary

Front 4

The environment Includes

Back 4

biotic
abiotic
all the organisms in the biotia

Front 5

Subfields of Ecology

Back 5

organism ecology
Population Ecology
Community Ecology
Ecosystem Ecology

Front 6

populations

Back 6

a group of individuals of the same species living in a particular geographical area

Front 7

community

Back 7

is all the organisms of all the species that live in a particular area; the assemblage of populations of different species

Front 8

can be subdivided into areas of physiological ecology, evolutionary ecology, and behavioral ecology

Back 8

organismal ecology

Front 9

Concentrates on the factors that affect how the individuals of a particular species that lives in a particular area

Back 9

Population Ecology

Front 10

deals with the whole array of interacting species in a community

Back 10

Community Ecology-

Front 11

emphasized on the energy flow and the chemical cycling among the various biotic and abiotic components

Back 11

Ecosystem Ecology

Front 12

the global ecosystem

Back 12

Biosphere

Front 13

the sum of all the planet ecosystems

Back 13

biosphere

Front 14

the study of past and present distribution of species

Back 14

Biogeography

Front 15

Major Zones of the Globe

Back 15

neartic
ethiopian
austrailian
neotropical
Paleartic
oreinatal

Front 16

neartic

Back 16

N. America

Front 17

Paleartic

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russia, europe, N, Africa

Front 18

Ethopia

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S. Africa

Front 19

Oriental

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China,japan, s. pacific island

Front 20

Austrailian

Back 20

austraila

Front 21

neotropic

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s. America

Front 22

Biogeography Depends on

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Disperisal and Distribution
Behavior and Habitat Selection
Biotic and Abiotic Fators

Front 23

the movement of individuals away from centers of high populations density or from their area of origin

Back 23

dispersal

Front 24

demonstrates when organisms expand their range by moving to areas where they did not exist before

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natural range expansion

Front 25

one way of determining dispersal is a key factor limiting is to observe the results of intentional or accidental transplants of species to areas where it was previously absent

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species transfer

Front 26

for a species transfer to be considered successful some of the organisms must not only survive in the new area they must also

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complete a life cycle.

Front 27

Biotic factors that affect biogeography

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Predation
Parasitism
Dieases
Competition

Front 28

Abiotic factors that affect biogeography

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wind
rain
sunlight
soil and rocks
temperature

Front 29

is an important factor in the distribution of organisms because of its effect on the biological processes

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temp

Front 30

provides the E needed for nearly all ecosystems although only plants and other Photosynthetic organism use it directly

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Sunlight

Front 31

amplifies the effect of environmental temperatures by increasing heat loss due to the evaporation and convection

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wind

Front 32

the physical structure, pH, and mineral composition limit the distribution of plants thus animals that feed upon them.

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rocks and soil

Front 33

4 Abiotic Factors that are the major components

Back 33

H₂O
Sunlight
Wind
Temperature

Front 34

Climate

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the prevailing weather conditions for an area

Front 35

has a major effect on the dispersal of organisms
in terestrial biomes

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climate

Front 36

macroclimate

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is on the global, regional, and local level

Front 37

microclimate

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is based on very fine patterns

Front 38

Global Climate Patterns are Determined strongly on the input of

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solar E and the planet movement in space

Front 39

Regional local and Seasonal Effects Climate are determined by

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proximity to biodies of water
topical factors

Front 40

influence climate along the coast of continents by heating or cooling overlying air masses that many then cross the land

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ocean currents

Front 41

the effects of mountains

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Significantly effect on the amount of sunlight reach an area along with its temp and rainfall

Front 42

turnover happens during the

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fall and spring

Front 43

in the summer a lake has a

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thermocline

Front 44

water is most dense at

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4 degrees cellous

Front 45

the least amout of O2 os found on the ___ of lakes

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bottom

Front 46

causes the development of deserts at 30 degrees

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hadley cells

Front 47

- major type of ecological associations that occupy a broad geographic region of land or water

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biomes

Front 48

biomes

Back 48

major type of ecological associations that occupy a broad geographic region of land or water

Front 49

Account for the largest part of the biosphere in terms of Area

Back 49

ocean

Front 50

ocean cover__% of the Earth's surface

Back 50

75

Front 51

causes the majority of Earth's precipitation and have a major effect on global wind currents and world climate

Back 51

The evaporation of ocean waters

Front 52

___ water Biomes are closely linked to the soils and biotic components of the terrestrial biomes that they pass

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fresh water

Front 53

are physically Stratified based on depth, distance from the shore, open water or the bottom

Back 53

aquatic biomes

Front 54

6 fresh water areas

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Pelengic
Littol
Iimphidal
aphotic
photic
benthic

Front 55

7 oceanic areas

Back 55

netical
intertidal
benthic
abyssal
photic
aphotic
pelagic