Chapter 5 The Cardiovascular System

Front 1

angina pectoris AKA angina

Back 1

is episodes of severe chest pain due to inadequate blood flow to the myocardium. These episodes are due to ischemia of the heart muscle.

Front 2

anticoagulant

Back 2

slows coagulation and prevents new clots from forming. Coagulation is the formation of blood clots.

Front 3

atherosclerosis

Back 3

is hardening and narrowing of the arteries caused by a buildup of cholesterol plaques
(ather/o means plaque or fatty substance and -sclerosis means abnormal hardening)

Front 4

Ischemia

Back 4

is a temporary deficiency in blood supply due to either the constricton(narrowing) or the obstruction(blockage) of a blood vessel (isch means to hold back and -emia means blood.

Front 5

bradycardia

Back 5

is an abnormally slow heartbeat (brady-means slow, card means heart, and -ia means abnrmal condition). This term is usually applied to rates less than 60 beats per minute. (compare with tachycardia)

Front 6

cardiac arrhythmia AKA dysrhythmia

Back 6

is a change in the rhythm of the heartbeat.

Front 7

cardiomegaly

Back 7

is the abnormal enlargement of the heart (cardi/o means heart, and -megaly means abnormal enlargement.

Front 8

cholesterol

Back 8

is a waxy fat like substance that travels in the blood in packages called lipoproteins. Som cholesterol in the blood is necessary;however, excessively high levels can ead to heart disease.

Front 9

defibrillation AKA cardioversion

Back 9

is the use of electrical shock to restore the heart's normal rhythm. This shock is provided by a defibrillator.

Front 10

electrocardiogram

Back 10

is the record produced by the process of electrocardiography.
electrocardiography is the process of recording the electrical activity of the myocardium (electr/o means electric, cardi/o means heart, and -graphy means the process of recording).

Front 11

abrev.
AF

Back 11

atrial fibrillation

Front 12

abrev.
AED

Back 12

automated external defibrillator

Front 13

abrev.
CPR

Back 13

cardiopulmonry resuscitation

Front 14

abrev.
CHF

Back 14

congestive heart failure

Front 15

abrev.
CABG

Back 15

coronary artery bypass graft
(cabbage)

Front 16

abrev.
CAD

Back 16

coronary artery disease

Front 17

abrev.
DVT

Back 17

deep vein thrombosis

Front 18

abrev.
ECG/EKG

Back 18

electrocardiogram

Front 19

abrev.
Hb or HB

Back 19

hemoglobin

Front 20

abrev.
HDL

Back 20

high-density lipoprotein

Front 21

abrev.
LDL

Back 21

low-density lipoprotein

Front 22

coronary artery bypass graft- AKA bypass surgery-CABG.

Back 22

this surgery requires opening the chest, a piece of vein from the leg or chest is implanted on the heart to replace a blocked coronary artery and to improve the flow of blood to the heart.

Front 23

septicemia AKA blood poisoning

Back 23

is a systmic disease caused by the spread of microorganisms and their toxins via the circulating blood.

Front 24

cholesterol

Back 24

is a waxy fat like substance that travels in the blood in packages called lipoproteins. Some cholesterol in the blood is necessary; however, excessively high levels can lead to heart disease.

Front 25

low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-LDL-. AKA bad cholesterol

Back 25

because excess quantities contribute to plaque buildup in the arteries. (LDL is bad)

Front 26

high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-HDL-. AKA good cholesterol

Back 26

because it carries unneeded cholesterol back to the liver for processing and does not contribute to plaque buildup. (HDL is good)

Front 27

embolism

Back 27

is the sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus(embol means something inserted and
-ism means condition).The embolism is often named for the causative factor, such as an air embolism or a fat embolism.

Front 28

deep vein thrombosis-DVT

Back 28

is the condition of having a thrombus attached to the wall of a deep vein. When a pt. is bedridden, these sometimes form in the legs. The danger is that the thrombus will break loose and travel to a lung where it can be fatal.

Front 29

thrombosis-T

Back 29

is the abnormal condition of having a thrombus (thromb means clot and -osis means abnormal condition)

Front 30

varicose veins-VV

Back 30

are abnormally swollen veins, usually occuring in the legs.

Front 31

phlebitis

Back 31

is the inflammation of a vein (phleb means vein and -itis means inflammation). This usualy occurs in a superficial vein.

Front 32

aneurysm

Back 32

is a localized weak spot, or balloon-like enlargement, of the wall of an artery. The rupture of an aneurysm may be fatal because of the rapid loss of blood.

Front 33

paroxysmal atrial tachycardia
-AKA- PAT

Back 33

is an episode that begins and ends abruptly during which there are very rapid and regular heartbeats that originate in the atrium. PAT is caused by an abnormality in the electrical system. (paroxysmal means pertaining to sudden occurrence).

Front 34

palpitation

Back 34

is a pounding or racing heart with or without irregularity in rhythm. This is associated with certain heart disorders; however it also may be a response accompanying a panic attack.

Front 35

fibrillation

Back 35

describes rapid, random, quivering, and ineffective contractions of the heart.

Front 36

valvular prolapse

Back 36

is the abnormal protrusion of the value that results in the inability of the valve to close completely. Prolapse means the falling or dropping down of an organ or internal part. This condition is named for the affected valve, such as a mitral valve prolapse.

Front 37

congestive heart failure-CHF

Back 37

is a syndrome in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs for oxegen and nutrients. In response to the reduced blood flow, the kineys retain mre fluid within the body, and this fluid accumulates in the legs, ankles, and lungs. The term congestive is an adjective that describes fluid buildup.

Front 38

myocardial infarction-AKA-heart attack

Back 38

is the occlusion (blockage) of one or more coronary arteries resulting in an infarct of the affected myocardium. This damage to the myocardium impairs the heart's ability to pump blood throughout the body.

Front 39

infarction

Back 39

is a sudden insufficiency of blood that causes necrosis (tissue death). An infarct is the resulting localized area of necrosis.

Front 40

infarct

Back 40

is the resulting localized area of necrosis.

Front 41

hemoglobin-Hb or HB

Back 41

is the iron-containing pigment of the erythrocytes. The role of hemoglobin is to transport oxygen from the lungs to all of the body tissues.

Front 42

bundle of His (HISS)

Back 42

named for Wilhelm His Jr. a nineteenth century Swiss physician, is located within the interventricular septum. Branches of the bundle of His carry the electrical imulses to the right and left ventricles and the Purkinje fibers.

Front 43

Purkinje fibers

Back 43

named for Jahannes Purkinje, a nineteenth century physiologist, causes the ventricles to contract simultaneously forcing blood into the aorta and pulmonary arteries.

Front 44

orthostatic hypertension AKA postural hypotension

Back 44

is low blood pressure that occurs in a standing posture. Orthostatic means relating to an upright or standing postition.

Front 45

aort/o

Back 45

aorta

Front 46

arteri/o

Back 46

artery

Front 47

ather/o

Back 47

plaque, fatty substance

Front 48

angi/o

Back 48

relating to blood or lymph vessels

Front 49

brady-

Back 49

slow

Front 50

-emia

Back 50

blood or blood condition

Front 51

coron/o

Back 51

crown, coronary

Front 52

cardi/o

Back 52

heart

Front 53

erythr/o

Back 53

red

Front 54

ven/o

Back 54

vein

Front 55

leuk/o

Back 55

white

Front 56

phleb/o

Back 56

vein

Front 57

tachy-

Back 57

fast, rapid

Front 58

thromb/o

Back 58

clot

Front 59

hem/o

Back 59

blood, relating to blood

Front 60

the term meaning white blood cells is__________

Back 60

leukocytes

Front 61

commonly known as the natural pacemaker, the proper name of the structure is/are the_________

Back 61

sinoatrial node (SA)

Front 62

the myocardium receives it's blood supply from the_________

Back 62

coronary arteries

Front 63

an elevated_______ count usually indicates a chronic infection.

Back 63

monocyte

Front 64

the bicuspid heart valve is also known as the ______valve.

Back 64

mitral

Front 65

the hear chamber that pumps blood to the lungs is the_________

Back 65

right ventricle

Front 66

the smallest formed elements in the blood are the__________

Back 66

thrombocytes

Front 67

the term that describes a foreign object circulating in the blood is__________

Back 67

embolus

Front 68

blood flows from the right ventricle to the_________

Back 68

lungs

Front 69

the white blood cells that fight infection by phagocytosis are_________

Back 69

neutrophils

Front 70

a hollow muscular organ

Back 70

heart

Front 71

cardiac muscle

Back 71

myocardium

Front 72

external layer of the heart

Back 72

epicardium

Front 73

inner lining of the heart

Back 73

endocardium

Front 74

sac enclosing the heart

Back 74

pericardium

Front 75

the substance also known as good cholesterol is___________

Back 75

high-density lipoprotein

Front 76

an abnormally slow heartbeat is described as___________

Back 76

bradycardia

Front 77

rapid, random, and ineffective contractions of the heart are described as______________

Back 77

dysrhythmia

Front 78

when the ventricles of the heart contract,_________pressure occurs.

Back 78

systolic

Front 79

a/an_________ occurs when a pt. receives a transfusion of mismatched blood

Back 79

hemolytic reaction

Front 80

a change in the rhythm of the heartbeat is known as a__________

Back 80

arrhythmia

Front 81

________is a disorder characterized by short-lived red blood cells

Back 81

thalassemia

Front 82

CAD

Back 82

coronary artery disease

Front 83

CHF

Back 83

congestive heart failure

Front 84

HB or Hb

Back 84

hemoglobin

Front 85

MI

Back 85

myocardial infarction

Front 86

Vf

Back 86

ventricular fibrillation

Front 87

the systemic disease caused by the spread of mo's and their toxins via the circulating blood is known as___________

Back 87

septicemia

Front 88

chronic hypetension, which is caused by a different medical problem, is known as_________hypertension.

Back 88

secondary

Front 89

the blood disorder in which red blood cells are larger than normal, and which is usually caused by a deficiency of folic acid or vitamin B12 is________anemia

Back 89

megaloblastic

Front 90

medications administered to lower high blood pressure are known as _____________

Back 90

antihypertensives

Front 91

a bacterial infection of the lining or valves of the heart is known as bacterial___________

Back 91

endocarditis

Front 92

plasma with the clotting proteins removed is called_________

Back 92

serum

Front 93

an abnormal increase in the number of platelets in the circulating blood is known as____________

Back 93

thrombocartitis

Front 94

when present in the blood in elevated levels, the amino acid___________ can damage arterial wals and increase the risk of coronary artery disease

Back 94

homocysteine

Front 95

word parts
APLASTIC anemia

Back 95

a-
plast
-ic

Front 96

word parts
ANEURYSMORRHAPHY

Back 96

aneurysm/o
-rrhaphy

Front 97

-rrhaphy

Back 97

surgical suturing

Front 98

aneurysm/o

Back 98

aneurysm

Front 99

word parts
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY

Back 99

electr/o
cardi/o
-graphy

Front 100

word parts
POLYARTERITIS

Back 100

poly-
arter
-itis

Front 101

-itis

Back 101

inflammation

Front 102

word parts
VALVOPLASTY

Back 102

valv/o
-plasty

Front 103

__________is a benign tumor made up of newly formed blood vessels.

Back 103

hemangioma

Front 104

spasmodic choking of suffocating pain caused by a lack of oxygen to his heart muscle is a condition known as__________

Back 104

angina pectoris

Front 105

what is the term used for the drop in your blood pressure when you stand up

Back 105

orthostatic hypotension

Front 106

a________is implanted as treatment to control atrial fibrillation

Back 106

pacemaker

Front 107

an obstructive lesion in the mitral valve of the heart is________

Back 107

mitral valvitis

Front 108

__________is a group of cardiac disabilities resulting from an insufficient supply of oxygenated blood to the heart

Back 108

ischemic heart disease(IHD)

Front 109

a fast heartbeat of sudden onset is known as _________

Back 109

paroxysmal atrial tachycardia

Front 110

inflammation of the vein is known as__________

Back 110

phlebitis

Front 111

the term meaning any abnormal or pathologic condition of the blood is____________

Back 111

dyscrasia

Front 112

the_______receives oxygen-poor blood from all tissues, except the lungs, through the superior and inferior venae cavae. Blood flows out of the_____ through the tricuspid valve into the RV

Back 112

right atrium(RA)

Front 113

the_______pumps the oxygen-poor blood through the pulmonary semilunar valve and into the pulmonary artery, which carries it to the lungs

Back 113

right ventricle(RV)

Front 114

the_________receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs through the four pulmonary veins. The blood flows out of the _____, through the mitral valve, and into the LV.

Back 114

left atrium

Front 115

the__________receives oxygen rich blood from the left atrium. Blood flows out of the ____ through the aortic semilunar valve and into the aorta, which carries it to all parts of the body, except the lungs

Back 115

left ventricle(LV)

Front 116

oxygen-poor blood is returned by the _____ ________ to the right atrium and the cycle continues

Back 116

venae cavae