Chapter 5 - Respiratory System

Front 1

adenoid/o

Back 1

adenoids

Front 2

alveol/o

Back 2

alveolus

Front 3

bronchi/o, bronch/o

Back 3

bronchus

Front 4

diaphragmat/o, phren/o

Back 4

diaphragm

Front 5

epiglott/o

Back 5

epiglottis

Front 6

laryng/o

Back 6

larynx

Front 7

lob/o

Back 7

lobe

Front 8

nas/o, rhin/o

Back 8

nose

Front 9

pharyng/o

Back 9

pharynx

Front 10

pleur/o

Back 10

pleura

Front 11

pneum/o, pneumat/o, pneumon/o

Back 11

lung, air

Front 12

pulmon/o

Back 12

lung

Front 13

sept/o

Back 13

septum (wall off, fence)

Front 14

sinus/o

Back 14

sinus

Front 15

thorac/o

Back 15

thorax (chest)

Front 16

tonsill/o

Back 16

tonsil

Front 17

trache/o

Back 17

trachea

Front 18

atel/o

Back 18

imperfect, incomplete

Front 19

capn/o

Back 19

carbon dioxide

Front 20

hem/o, hemat/o

Back 20

blood

Front 21

muc/o

Back 21

mucus

Front 22

orth/o

Back 22

straight

Front 23

ox/i, ox/o

Back 23

oxygen

Front 24

phon/o

Back 24

sound, voice

Front 25

py/o

Back 25

pus

Front 26

somn/o

Back 26

sleep

Front 27

spir/o

Back 27

breathe, breathing

Front 28

a-, an-

Back 28

absence of, without

Front 29

endo-

Back 29

within

Front 30

eu-

Back 30

normal, good

Front 31

pan-

Back 31

all, total

Front 32

poly-

Back 32

many, much

Front 33

tachy-

Back 33

fast, rapid

Front 34

-algia

Back 34

pain

Front 35

-ar, -ary, -eal

Back 35

pertaining to

Front 36

-cele

Back 36

hernia or protrusion

Front 37

-centesis

Back 37

surgical puncture to aspirate fluid (with sterile needle)

Front 38

-ectasis

Back 38

stretching out, dilatation, expansion

Front 39

-emia

Back 39

blood condition

Front 40

-graphy

Back 40

process of recording, radiographic imaging

Front 41

-meter

Back 41

instrument used to measure

Front 42

-metry

Back 42

measurement

Front 43

-pexy

Back 43

surgical fixation, suspension

Front 44

-pnea

Back 44

breathing

Front 45

-rrhagia

Back 45

rapid flow of blood

Front 46

-scope

Back 46

instrument used for visual examination

Front 47

-scopic

Back 47

pertaining to visual examination

Front 48

-scopy

Back 48

visual examination

Front 49

-spasm

Back 49

sudden, involuntary muscle contraction (spasmodic contraction)

Front 50

-stenosis

Back 50

constriction or narrowing

Front 51

-stomy

Back 51

creation of an artificial opening

Front 52

-thorax

Back 52

chest

Front 53

-tomy

Back 53

cut into or incision

Front 54

adenoiditis

Back 54

inflammation of the adenoids

Front 55

alveolitis

Back 55

inflammation of the alveolus

Front 56

atelectasis

Back 56

incomplete expansion (of the lung or portion of the lung)

Front 57

bronchiectasis

Back 57

dilation of the bronchi

Front 58

bronchiectasis

Back 58

dilation of the bronchi

Front 59

bronchitis

Back 59

inflammation of the bronchi

Front 60

bronchogenic carcinoma

Back 60

cancerous tumor originating in the bronchus

Front 61

bronchopneumonia

Back 61

diseased state of the bronchi and lungs, (usually caused by infection)

Front 62

diaphramgatocele

Back 62

hernia of the diaphragm

Front 63

epiglottitis

Back 63

inflammation of the epiglottis

Front 64

hemothorax

Back 64

blood in the chest (pleural space)

Front 65

laryngitis

Back 65

inflammation of the larynx

Front 66

laryngotracheobronchitis

Back 66

inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi (the acute form is called croup)

Front 67

lobar pneumonia

Back 67

pertaining to the lobe(s); diseased state of the lung (infection of one or more loves of the lung)

Front 68

nasopharyngitis

Back 68

inflammation of the nose and pharynx

Front 69

pansinusitis

Back 69

inflammation of all sinuses

Front 70

pharyngitis

Back 70

inflammation of the pharynx

Front 71

pleuritis

Back 71

inflammation of the pleura (also called pleurisy)

Front 72

pneumatocele

Back 72

hernia of the lung (lung tissue protrudes through an opening in the chest)

Front 73

pneumoconiosis

Back 73

abnormal condition of dust in the lungs

Front 74

pneumonia

Back 74

diseased state of the lung (the infection and inflammation are caused by bacteria such as Pneumococcus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Haemophilus; viruses; and fungi)

Front 75

pneumonitis

Back 75

inflammation of the lung

Front 76

pneumothorax

Back 76

air in the chest (pleural space), which causes collapse of the lung (often a result of an open chest wound)

Front 77

pulmonary neoplasm

Back 77

pertaining to (in) the lung, new growth (tumor)

Front 78

pyothorax

Back 78

pus in the chest (pleural space) (also called empyema)

Front 79

rhinitis

Back 79

inflammation of the (mucous membranes) nose

Front 80

rhinomycosis

Back 80

abnormal condition of fungus in the nose

Front 81

rhinorrhagia

Back 81

rapid flow of blood from the nose (also called epistaxis)

Front 82

thoracalgia

Back 82

pain in the chest

Front 83

tonsillitis

Back 83

inflammation of the tonsils

Front 84

tracheitis

Back 84

inflammation of the trachea

Front 85

tracheostenosis

Back 85

narrowing of the trachea

Front 86

acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Back 86

respiratory failure as a result of disease or injury. Symptoms include dyspnea, tachypnea, and cyanosis (also called adult respiratory distress syndrome).

Front 87

asthma

Back 87

respiratory disease characterized by paroxysms of coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath, which is caused by constriction of airways that is reversible between attacks

Front 88

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Back 88

a progressive lung disease that restricts air flow, which makes breathing difficult. Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are the two main components of COPD, but it may also be caused by chronic asthmatic bronchitis. Most COPD is a result of cigarette smoking.

Front 89

coccidioimycosis

Back 89

fungal disease affecting the lungs and sometimes other organs of the body (also valley fever or cocci)

Front 90

cor pulmonale

Back 90

serious cardiac disease associated with chronic lung disorders, such as emphysema

Front 91

croup

Back 91

condition resulting from acute obstruction of the larynx, characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness, and stridor. It may be caused by viral or bacterial infection, allergy, or foreign body. Occurs mainly in children.

Front 92

cystic fibrosis (CF)

Back 92

hereditary disorder of the exocrine glands characterized by excess mucus production in the reparatory tract, pancreatic deficiency, and other symptoms.

Front 93

deviated septum

Back 93

one part of the nasal cavity is smaller because of malformation or injury of the nasal septum

Front 94

emphysema

Back 94

stretching of lung tissue caused by the alveoli becoming distended and losing elasticity

Front 95

epistaxis

Back 95

nosebleed (synonymous with rhinorrhagia)

Front 96

influenza

Back 96

highly infectious respiratory disease caused by a virus (also called flu)

Front 97

Legionnaire disease

Back 97

a lobar pneumonia caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumonphila

Front 98

obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

Back 98

repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep, which leads to absence of breathing; can produce daytime drowsiness and elevated blood pressure

Front 99

pertussis

Back 99

highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory tract characterized by an acute crowning inspiration, or whoop (also called whooping cough)

Front 100

pleural effusion

Back 100

fluid in the pleural space caused by a disease process or trauma

Front 101

pulmonary edema

Back 101

fluid accumulation in the alveoli and bronchioles

Front 102

pulmonary embolism (PE)

Back 102

matter foreign to the circulation, carried to the pulmonary artery and its branches, where it blocks circulation to the lungs and can be fatal if of sufficient size or number. Blood clots broken loose from the deep veins of the lower extremities are the most common source of emboli.

Front 103

tuberculosis (TB)

Back 103

an infectious disease, caused by an acid-fast bacillus, most commonly spread by inhalation of small particles and usually affecting the lungs

Front 104

upper respiratory infection (URI)

Back 104

infection of the nasal cavity, pharynx, or larynx (commonly called a cold)

Front 105

adenoidectomy

Back 105

excision of the adenoids

Front 106

adenotome

Back 106

surgical instrument used to cut the adenoids

Front 107

bronchoplasty

Back 107

surgical repair of a bronchus

Front 108

laryngectomy

Back 108

excision of the larynx

Front 109

laryngoplasty

Back 109

surgical repair of the larynx

Front 110

larygostomy

Back 110

creation of an artificial opening into the larynx

Front 111

laryngotracheotomy

Back 111

incision of the larynx and trachea

Front 112

lobectomy

Back 112

excision of a lobe (of the lung)

Front 113

pleuropexy

Back 113

surgical fixation of the pleura

Front 114

pneumobronchotomy

Back 114

incision of lung and bronchus

Front 115

pneumonectomy

Back 115

excision of a lung

Front 116

rhinoplasty

Back 116

surgical repair of the nose

Front 117

septoplasty

Back 117

surgical repair of the (nasal) septum

Front 118

septotomy

Back 118

incision into the (nasal) septum

Front 119

sinusotomy

Back 119

incision of the sinus

Front 120

thoracocentesis

Back 120

surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the chest cavity (also called thoracentesis)

Front 121

thoracotomy

Back 121

incision into the chest cavity

Front 122

tonsillectomy

Back 122

excision of the tonsils

Front 123

tracheoplasty

Back 123

surgical repair of the trachea

Front 124

tracheostomy

Back 124

creating of an artificial opening into the trachea

Front 125

tracheotomy

Back 125

incision of the trachea

Front 126

bronchoscope

Back 126

instrument used for visual examination of the bronchi

Front 127

bronchoscopy

Back 127

visual examination of the bronchi

Front 128

endoscope

Back 128

instrument used for visual examination within (a hollow organ or body cavity) (Current trend is to use endoscopes for surgical procedures as well as viewing)

Front 129

endoscopic

Back 129

pertaining to visual examination within (a hollow organ or body cavity) (used to describe the practice of performing surgeries that use endoscopes)

Front 130

endoscopy

Back 130

visual examination within (a hollow organ or body cavity)

Front 131

laryngoscope

Back 131

instrument used for visual examination of the larynx

Front 132

laryngoscopy

Back 132

visual examination of the larynx

Front 133

thoracoscope

Back 133

instrument used for visual examination of the thorax

Front 134

thoracoscopy

Back 134

visual examination of the thorax

Front 135

capnometer

Back 135

instrument used to measure carbon dioxide (levels in expired gas)

Front 136

oximeter

Back 136

instrument used to measure oxygen (saturation in the blood)

Front 137

spirometer

Back 137

instrument used to measure breathing (or lung volumes)

Front 138

spirometry

Back 138

a measurement of breathing (or lung volumes)

Front 139

polysomnography

Back 139

process of recording many (tests) during sleep (performed to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea. Tests include electrocardiography, electromyography, air flow monitoring, and oximetry.

Front 140

chest computed tomography (CT) scan

Back 140

computerized images of the chest created in sections sliced from front to back. Performed to diagnose tumors, abscesses, and pleural effusion. Computed tomography is sued to visualize other body parts such as the abdomen and the brain

Front 141

chest radiograph (CXR)

Back 141

a radiographic image of the chest performed to evaluate the lungs and the heart (also called a chest x-ray)

Front 142

ventilation-perfusion scanning (VPS)

Back 142

a nuclear medicine procedure performed to diagnose a pulmonary embolism and other conditions (also called a lung scan)

Front 143

acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear

Back 143

a test performed on the sputum to determine the presence of acid-fast bacilli, which cause tuberculosis

Front 144

arterial blood gases (ABGs)

Back 144

a test performed on arterial blood to determine levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases present

Front 145

peak flow meter (PFM)

Back 145

a portable instrument used to measure how fast air can be pushed out of the lung; used to help monitor asthma and adjust medication accordingly

Front 146

pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

Back 146

a group of tests performed to measure breathing and used to determine respiratory function; when abnormal, they are useful in distinguishing COPD from asthma

Front 147

pulse oximetry

Back 147

a noninvasive method of measuring oxygen in the blood by using a device that attaches to the fingertip

Front 148

auscultation

Back 148

the act of listening for sounds within the body through a stethoscope. Used for assessing and/or diagnosing conditions of the lungs, pleura, heart and abdomen

Front 149

percussion

Back 149

the act of tapping of a body surface with the fingers to determine the density of the part beneath by the sound obtained. A dull sound indicates the presence of fluid in a body space or cavity such as the pleural space

Front 150

PPD (purified protein derivative) skin test

Back 150

a test performed on individuals who have recently been exposed to tuberculosis. PPD of the tuberculin bacillus is injected intradermally. Positive tests indicate previous exposure, not necessarily active tuberculosis (also called TB skin test)

Front 151

stethoscope

Back 151

an instrument used to hear internal body sounds; used for performing auscultation and blood pressure measurement

Front 152

acapnia

Back 152

condition of absence (less than normal level) of carbon dioxide (in the blood)

Front 153

alveolar

Back 153

pertaining to the alveolus

Front 154

anoxia

Back 154

condition of absence (deficiency) of oxygen

Front 155

aphonia

Back 155

condition of absence of the voice

Front 156

apnea

Back 156

absence of breathing

Front 157

bronchoalveolar

Back 157

pertaining to the bronchi and alveoli

Front 158

bronchospasm

Back 158

spasmodic contraction of the bronchi

Front 159

diaphragmatic

Back 159

pertaining to the diaphragm (also called phrenic)

Front 160

dysphonia

Back 160

condition of difficult speaking (voice)

Front 161

dyspnea

Back 161

difficult breathing

Front 162

endotracheal

Back 162

pertaining to within the trachea

Front 163

eupnea

Back 163

normal breathing

Front 164

hypercapnia

Back 164

condition of excessive carbon dioxide (in the blood)

Front 165

hyperpnea

Back 165

excessive breathing

Front 166

hypocapnia

Back 166

condition of deficient carbon dioxide (in the blood)

Front 167

hypopnea

Back 167

deficient breathing

Front 168

hypoxemia

Back 168

condition of deficient oxygen in the blood

Front 169

hypoxia

Back 169

condition of deficient oxygen (to the tissues)

Front 170

intrapleural

Back 170

pertaining to within the pleura (space between the two pleural membranes)

Front 171

laryngeal

Back 171

pertaining to the larynx

Front 172

laryngospasm

Back 172

spasmodic contraction of the larynx

Front 173

muciod

Back 173

resembling mucus

Front 174

mucous

Back 174

pertaining to mucus

Front 175

nasopharyngeal

Back 175

pertaining to the nose and the pharynx

Front 176

orthopnea

Back 176

able to breath easier in a straight (upright) position

Front 177

phrenalgia

Back 177

pain in the diaphragm (also called diaphragmalgia)

Front 178

phrenospasm

Back 178

spasm of the diaphragm

Front 179

pulmonary

Back 179

pertaining to the lungs

Front 180

pulmonologist

Back 180

a physician who studies and treats diseases of the lung

Front 181

pulmonology

Back 181

study of the lung (a branch of medicine dealing with diseases of the lung)

Front 182

rhinorrhea

Back 182

discharge from the nose (as in a cold)

Front 183

tachypnea

Back 183

rapid breathing

Front 184

thoracic

Back 184

pertaining to the chest

Front 185

airway

Back 185

passageway by which air enters and leaves the lungs as well as a mechanical device used to keep the air passageway unobstructed

Front 186

asphyxia

Back 186

deprivation of oxygen for tissue use; suffocation

Front 187

aspirate

Back 187

to withdraw fluid or suction fluid; also to draw foreign material into the respiratory tract

Front 188

bronchoconstrictor

Back 188

agent causing narrowing of the bronchi

Front 189

bronchiodilator

Back 189

agent causing the bronchi to widen

Front 190

cough

Back 190

sudden, noisy expulsion of air from the lungs

Front 191

hiccup

Back 191

sudden catching of breath with a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm (also called hiccough and singultus)

Front 192

hyperventilation

Back 192

ventilation of the lungs beyond normal body needs

Front 193

hypoventilation

Back 193

ventilation of the lungs that does not fulfill the body's gas exchange needs

Front 194

mucopurulent

Back 194

containing both mucus and pus

Front 195

mucus

Back 195

slimy fluid secreted by the mucous membranes

Front 196

nebulizer

Back 196

device that creates a mist used to deliver medication for giving respiratory treatment

Front 197

nosocomial infection

Back 197

an infection acquired during hospitalization

Front 198

paroxysm

Back 198

periodic, sudden attack

Front 199

patent

Back 199

open, the opposite of closed or compromised, thus allowing passage of air, as in patent trachea and bronchi (can be applied to any tubular passageway in the body, as in a patent artery, allowing the passage of blood)

Front 200

sputum

Back 200

mucous secretion from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea expelled through the mouth

Front 201

ventilator

Back 201

mechanical device used to assist with or substitute for breathing

Front 202

ABGs

Back 202

arterial blood gases

Front 203

AFB

Back 203

acid-fast bacilli

Front 204

ARDS

Back 204

acute respiratory distress syndrome

Front 205

CF

Back 205

cystic fibrosis

Front 206

CO2

Back 206

carbon dioxide

Front 207

COPD

Back 207

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Front 208

CT

Back 208

computed tomography

Front 209

CXR

Back 209

chest radiograph (chest x-ray)

Front 210

flu

Back 210

influenza

Front 211

LLL

Back 211

left lower lobe

Front 212

LTB

Back 212

laryngotracheobronchitis

Front 213

LUL

Back 213

left upper lobe

Front 214

O2

Back 214

oxygen

Front 215

OSA

Back 215

obstructive sleep apnea

Front 216

PE

Back 216

pulmonary embolism

Front 217

PFM

Back 217

peak flow meter

Front 218

PFTs

Back 218

pulmonary function tests

Front 219

PSG

Back 219

polysomnography

Front 220

RLL

Back 220

right lower lobe

Front 221

RML

Back 221

right middle lobe

Front 222

RUL

Back 222

right upper lobe

Front 223

SOB

Back 223

shortness of breath

Front 224

TB

Back 224

tuberculosis

Front 225

URI

Back 225

upper respiratory infection

Front 226

VPS

Back 226

ventilation-perfusion scanning

Front 227

nose

Back 227

lined with mucous membrane and fine hairs; it acts as a filter to moisten and warm entering air

Front 228

nasal septum

Back 228

partition separating the right and left nasal cavities

Front 229

paranasal sinuses

Back 229

air cavities within the cranial bones that open into the nasal cavities

Front 230

pharynx

Back 230

serves as a food and air passageway. Air enters from the nasal cavities and passes through the pharynx to the larynx. Food enters the pharynx from the mouth and passes to the esophagus; (also called the throat)

Front 231

adenoids

Back 231

lymphoid tissue located behind the nasal cavity

Front 232

tonsils

Back 232

lymphoid tissue located behind the mouth

Front 233

larynx

Back 233

location of the vocal cords. Air enters from the pharynx (also called the voice box)

Front 234

epiglottis

Back 234

flap of cartilage that automatically covers the opening of and keeps food from entering the larynx during swallowing

Front 235

trachea

Back 235

passageway for air to the bronchi; (also called the windpipe)

Front 236

bronchus

Back 236

one of two branches from the trachea that conducts air into the lungs, where it divides and subdivides. The branchings resemble a tree; therefore, they are referred to as a bronchial tree.

Front 237

bronchioles

Back 237

smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree

Front 238

alveolus

Back 238

air sacs at the end of the bronchioles. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged through the alveolar walls and the capillaries.

Front 239

lungs

Back 239

two spongelike organs in the thoracic cavity. The right lung consists of three lobes, and the left lung has two lobes.

Front 240

pleura

Back 240

double-folded serous membrane covering each lung and lining the thoracic cavity with a small space between, called the pleural cavity, which contains serous fluid.