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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Memory |
Information system processing that encodes, stores, and retrieves bit of information |
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3 Stages of Memory |
1. Sensory 2. Short-Term Memory 3. Long-Term Memory |
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Sensory Memory |
Sorts data from 5 senses |
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Short-Term Memory |
Uses information and either forgets or stores it |
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Long-Term Memory |
Stores information for an indefinite amount of time |
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Transferring from Short to Long Term |
1. Maintenance Rehearsal (Massed Practice/Concentrated Practice) 2. Distributive Rehearsal |
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Recall |
Remembering without cues |
Short answer |
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Recognition |
Remembering with cues |
Multiple choice |
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Declarative Memory |
Facts and personal information such as names, dates, and events |
Explicit Memory |
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Semantic Memory |
Facts |
Encyclopedic Memory |
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Episodic Memory |
Personal experiences and autobiographical information |
Personal Memory |
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Procedural Memory |
How to do things |
Implicit memory |
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Where are memories stored? |
Neural networks of the cerebral cortex |
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Role of hippocampus |
Converting short-term memories into long-term memories (Declarative, not procedural memories) |
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Ways to improve remembring |
Pay attention Write things down Mild stimulants Emotional input Maintenance rehearsal Distributive Practice Elaboration of info Control stress Healthy diet/exercise 8-9 hours of sleep Mnemonics |
There are 11 |
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Mnemonics |
Memory tricks |
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Types of mnemonics |
Acronyms Acrostics Jingles/poems Visual cues/imagery Chunking Method of Loci Peg words |
There are 7 |
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Acronyms |
New words out of the first letters in list of words |
Roy G Biv, POW, REM |
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Acrostics |
Make up a verse using first letters in list |
Never Eat Soggy Waffles |
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Chunking |
Group into related units |
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Why we forget |
Decay Theory Interference Repression Encoding failure Lack of retrieval cues Not paying attention Stress Lack of sleep Strong stimulants/depressants Amnesia |
There are 11 |
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Decay Theory |
Dead storage, over time and lack of use |
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Interference |
Other learning gets in the way |
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Proactive Interference |
Old information blocks new |
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Retroactive Interference |
New information blocks old |
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Repression |
Freud's idea that we tend to forget painful or traumatic memories |
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Encoding Failure |
Information was never learned |
Didn't get form short-term to long-term memory |
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Lack of Retrieval Cues |
Can't access stored informtion |
Tip of the tongue |
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Not paying attention |
Does not get past sensory memory |
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Amnesia |
Forgetting caused by brain damage |
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Retrograde Amnesia |
Can't remember past events that occurred before the injury |
The Vow |
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Anterograde Amnesia |
Can't form/store new memories after injury |
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Constructionist Theory |
Memory is NOT an exact replica of the past, but a reconstruction of past events |
Can lead to memory distortion/false memories |
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Eyewitness Testimony |
Often faulty because of misinformation effect |
Information introduced later leads to distortions in testimony |
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Serial Position Curve |
We remember words at the beginning and end of a list, but forget the words in the middle |
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Flashbulb Memories |
Enduring memories of emotionally charged events that seem permanently seared into the brain |
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Repressed Memories |
Triggered by a cue or suggestion during hypnosis |
Recovered memories |
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Eidetic Memory |
Photographic memory |
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Semantic |
Relating to meaning in language/logic |
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Explicit |
Stated clearly or in detail |
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Implicit |
Implied, though not plainly expressed |
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