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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe how energy from fat plays such an important role in the body |
-provides energy for muscles -fat provides energy when carbs aren't available -when there are no carbs, body turns to fat for energy |
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Identify the roles of body fat |
-energy fuels -energy stores -protection -insulation (body temperature) -absorption of nutrients -forms major material of cell membranes |
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Identify three classifications of lipids found in foods and in the human body |
triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols triglycerides: 3 units of fatty acids, one unit of glycerol (95%) phospholipids: instead of fatty acid, replaced with a phosphorus containing acid -key role in cell membrane sterols: cholestrol/hormones produced by the body -play role in bile & vitamins |
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Describe how fatty acids may differ from one another |
saturated: has the highest amount of hydrogen's and no points of unsaturation *contain the most fat (animal fats) monounsaturated: one point of unsaturation polyunsaturation: more than 1 point of unsaturation (vegetables and fish oils) trans fat: most processed (hydrogenation) worst for you |
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Name the essential fatty acids and describe their characteristics and food sources |
omega 6: linoleic ex: seeds, nuts, vegetables, oils omega 3: lineolenic (healthy one) ex:milk, seafoods EPA & DHA come from fish -collected in cell membrane, help brain communication, disease prevention |
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Describe the roles of phospholipids and sterols |
phospholipids: make up cell membrane, helps transport lipids across the cell membrane -water soluble -emulsification (2 layers) sterols: structural component of cell membrane -cholesterol/hormones |
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Discuss the routes of cholesterol in the body |
a waxy, fat like substance in cell of the body -produced by the liver -travels as lippoprotein -builds up arteries ^ LDL = worse (heart disease/ attack) ^HDL = more healthy, more protein -goes back to the liver |
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Discuss how excessive intakes of dietary fat can relate to chronic diseases and disorders |
dietary fat has most direct impact on coronary disease |
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Discuss trans-fatty acids and their implications for the body's health |
higher blood cholesterol ex: margarine, baked goods, processed foods results: heart disease and obesity |
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Define omega-3 fatty acids and the role they play in disease prevention |
prevent cancer |
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Describe the current dietary recommendations related to fat intake |
20-30% of calories |
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List the functions of fats in foods |
texture, flavor, makes you full, energy satiety: feeling of being full |
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Give examples of hidden fats in foods |
nuts, avocados, oils more calories=more fats |
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Describe how to cut one's saturated and trans fat intake and still maintain a balanced diet |
whole milk vs. non fat milk veg. vs. olive oil |
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Name four categories of fat replacers |
carbohydrates based fat based protein based ex: reduced fat, low fat, fat free, light |
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Compare the breakdown of proteins and absorption of amino acids within digestive tract with that of lipids & explain why proteins are not stored in the body |
small intestine: enzymes split peptides into 3 different parts -absorb and transfer amino acids to bloodstream bloodstream: goes to body cell proteins not store because they are not needed |
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Discuss the concept of nitrogen balance |
Nitrogen in= nitrogen out "equilibrium" |
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Describe two major forms of protein malnutrition |
marasmus- body eats away at the muscles lack of amino acids kwashiorkor- not enough protein stomach pushed out |
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Appraise the advantages and inherent challenges of a vegan diet in terms of obtaining essential amino acids |
make sure they replace with good supplements |
