Chapter 5 Anatomy

Front 1

Axial Skeleton

Back 1

The bones that form the longitudinal axis of the body

Front 2

Appendicular Skeleton

Back 2

Bones of the limbs and girdles

Front 3

Compact Bone

Back 3

dense and looks smooth and homogenous

Front 4

spongy bone

Back 4

composed of small needlelike pieces of bone and lots of open space

Front 5

long bones

Back 5

typically longer than they are wide. They have a shaft with heads at both ends. Mostly compact bones

Front 6

short bones

Back 6

generally cube-shaped and contain mostly spongy bone. Ex. Bones of wrist and ankle

Front 7

Sesamoid bones

Back 7

form within tendons are a short bone. Ex. patella or kneecap

Front 8

flat bones

Back 8

thin, flattened, and usually curved. Have two thin layers of compact bone sadwiching a layer of spongy bone between them. Ex. bones of skull, ribs and sternum

Front 9

irregular bones

Back 9

bones that do not fit into the other categories. Ex. vertebrae in the spinal column and the hip bones.

Front 10

diaphysis

Back 10

shaft; makes up most of the bone's length and is composed of compact bone

Front 11

periosteum

Back 11

covers and protects the connective tissue membrane

Front 12

epiphyses

Back 12

the ends of the long bone. Consists of a thin layer of compact bone enclosing an area filled with spongey bone

Front 13

articular cartilage

Back 13

covers the external surface. Glassy hyaline cartilage. Decreases friction at joint surfaces

Front 14

epiphyseal line

Back 14

thin line of bony tissue spanning the epiphysis that looks different from the rest of the bone in that area.

Front 15

epiphyseal plate

Back 15

a flat plate of hyaline cartilage. Cause the lengthwise growth of a longbone

Front 16

comminuted

Back 16

bone breaks into many fragments

Front 17

compression

Back 17

bone is crushed

Front 18

depressed

Back 18

broken bone portion is pressed inward

Front 19

impacted

Back 19

broken bone ends are forced into eachother

Front 20

spiral

Back 20

ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to bone

Front 21

greenstick

Back 21

bone breaks incompletely, much in the way a green twig breaks

Front 22

external auditory meatus

Back 22

canal that leads to the eardrum and the middle ear

Front 23

styloid process

Back 23

sharp needlelike projection, just inferior to the external auditory meatus

Front 24

zygomatic process

Back 24

thin bridge of bone that oins with the cheekbone anteriorly

Front 25

mastoid process

Back 25

rough projection posterior and inferior to the external auditory meatus. Provides an attachment site for some muscles of the neck

Front 26

jugular foramen

Back 26

at the junction of the occipital and temporal bones, allows passage for the large jugular vein

Front 27

carotid canal

Back 27

anterior to the jugular oramen. The internal carotid arter runs through the carotid canal

Front 28

cervical curvature

Back 28

concave, 7 vertebrae, C1-C7

Front 29

thoracic curvature

Back 29

convex, 12 vertebrae, T1-T12

Front 30

lumbar curvature

Back 30

concave, 5 vertebrae, L1-L5

Front 31

sacrum

Back 31

convex, 5 fused vertebrae

Front 32

coccyx

Back 32

4 fused vertebrae

Front 33

vertebral arch

Back 33

arch formed from the joining of all posterior extensions

Front 34

vertebral foramen

Back 34

canal through which the spinal cord passes

Front 35

transverse processes

Back 35

two lateral projections from the vertebral arch

Front 36

spinous process

Back 36

single projection arising from the posterior aspect of the vertebral arch

Front 37

superior/inferior articular processes

Back 37

paired projections lateral to the vertebral foramen, allowing a vertebra to for joints with adjacent vertebrae

Front 38

body/centrum

Back 38

disclike, weight-bearing part of the vertebra facing anteriorly in the vertebral column

Front 39

ribs

Back 39

12 pairs that form the walls of the thoracic cage

Front 40

true ribs

Back 40

the first seven pairs, that attach directly to the sternum by costal cartilages

Front 41

false ribs

Back 41

the 5 pairs following the true ribs. Attach to either indirectly to the sternum or are not attached to the sternum at all.

Front 42

floating ribs

Back 42

the final two pairs of false ribs that lack sternal attachments

Front 43

shoulder/ pectoral girdle

Back 43

consists of two bones- clavicle and scapula

Front 44

clavicle

Back 44

collarbone. Attaches to the manubrium of the sternum medially and to the scapula laterally

Front 45

scapulae

Back 45

shoulder blades. Each scapula has a flattened body and two important processes- acromion and coracoid.

Front 46

acromion

Back 46

enlarged end of the spine of the scapula

Front 47

coracoid

Back 47

points over the top of the shoulder and anchors some of the muscles of the arm

Front 48

glenoid cavity

Back 48

a shallow socket that receives the head of thearm bone

Front 49

humerus

Back 49

typical long bone. Proximal end is a rounded head that fits into the glenoid cavity of the scapula

Front 50

radius

Back 50

the lateral bone (on the thumb side of the forearm)