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74 Cards in this Set
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Taxonomy |
Is the branch of biology concerned with naming, identifying and classifying the diversity of life on the planet. |
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Systematic |
Studies the evolutionary relationship between species |
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Phylogeny |
Is the evolutionary history of a group of organism |
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Clade |
A group of related organism with shared derived trait Ex. Mammal have hair
Group of organisms with a named and shared ancestry |
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(Cladeogram) phylogenetic tree |
A branching diagram illustrating the evolutionary history and relationship of species based on shared, advanced characters. |
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Taxon (plural:taxes) |
Names species or named grouped species. |
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Can classes be arranged in hierarchy? |
Yes |
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Dear king Peter came over for good soup. |
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species |
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True or false; The less categories two organism share, the closer their evolutionary relationship is? |
False. The more categories two organism share, the closer their evolutionary relationships. |
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Carlos Linnaeus (1707-1778) introduced what? |
Scientific name genus species |
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Carlos Linnaeus created genus and species? The scientific genus name is what? |
Underlined or italicized Capitalized |
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Genus means |
Group that includes a number of very closely related species. |
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What happened to the first letter of the genus name and the the first letter of the species name? |
The genus first letter is capitalized and the the first letter of the species name is always lower cased |
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The species name is never used alone? |
It's always paired with its genus name |
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Phylogeny falls under what catagory? |
Systematic |
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Phylogenetic tree is |
A diagram indicating lines of descent. Each branch point is a divergence from common ancestor Represents and organism that gives rise to two or more new groups |
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Two characters that reflect phylogeny is? |
Primitive character and derived characters |
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Phonology primitively characters are? |
Present in all members of a group
Present in common ancestor |
Protozoans Algae |
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Derived characters of phylogeny? |
Present in some members of a group
Absent in common ancestry |
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Before 1970 life was classified into what two kingdoms |
Animalistic and plantae |
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Robert h Whittaker five kingdom system placed what? |
All prokaryotes organism into a single kingdom (monera) and the eukaryotes are divided into four kingdoms |
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What are the kingdom of life |
Kingdom of protist Kingdom of monerans Kingdom of fungi Kingdom of plants Kingdom of Animals
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One of the domain of life is the kingdom of protist, what fall under that category? |
Protozoans Algae |
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One of the domain life are Kingdom of Monerans, what are those? |
Bacteria |
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One of the domains of life is kingdoms of fungi, what are the categories that fall under that? |
Mushroom, yeast and mold |
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One of the kingdom of domain of life is kingdom of plants, what categories fall under that? |
Broad-leaves tree Fern Conifer Moss |
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One of the domains of life is kingdom of animals, what are some categories that fall under that category? |
Insect, squid, horse, earthworm and sponge. |
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What did Carl Woese study? |
The biochemistry of the Moneran Organism |
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Taxonomic |
Archea , bacteria and protist |
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Are bacteria and Archean different |
Yes they are a lot different |
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Three categories of archaea |
Halophiles Methanogens Thermophiles |
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Archaea halophiles environment adaptability is |
Thrive in salty environments |
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Archaea Methanogens Adaptation to what environment? |
Lives in anaerobic environments Produced methane as waste
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True or false; bacteria and archaea have different ribosomal RNA? |
True |
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True or false; bacteria and archaea have different ribosomal RNA? |
True |
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True or false; bacteria cell well has peptidoglycan and Archaea does not? |
True |
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Archaea has what type of characteristics different from bacteria? |
Cell wall lacks peptidoglycan Gene and enzymes be have more like Eukaryotes Have three polymerase like Eukaryotes
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Archaea has what type of characteristics different from bacteria? |
Cell wall lacks peptidoglycan Gene and enzymes be have more like Eukaryotes Have three polymerase like Eukaryotes
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What are some characteristics that bacteria has and archaea does not? |
Cell wall made of peptidoglycan Have only one RNA Polymerase |
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The five kingdom system was replaced by one that divides life into three domains. What are the domains? |
Archaea Bacteria Eukaryotes (animals plants fungi Protists) |
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How many kingdoms does bacteria have? |
15 kingdoms of bacteria |
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How many kingdoms in the archaea? |
3 kingdoms in the archaea |
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How many kingdoms does bacteria have? |
15 kingdoms of bacteria |
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How many kingdoms in the archaea? |
3 kingdoms in the archaea |
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How many kingdoms among the eukaryotes? |
4 kingdoms among Eukaryotes |
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Evolutionary systematic is? |
Gives a more important view in class based upon their unique characteristics. |
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Cladistic taxonomy |
Taxonomic groups that differ from those recommended by evolutionary systematics. |
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What is it about a phylogenetic tree? |
That each branch constitutes a separate species |
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Prokaryotes structure |
Lack membrane- bound nucleus
Outer cell wall Few organelles Someone move by means flagella Abundant in air, water and soil and on most objects. |
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Prokaryotic metabolism |
Anaerobic or aerobic Heterotrophs and autotrophs
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How do prokaryotes reproduce? |
Asexually(binary fission) |
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How do prokaryotes reproduce? |
Asexually(binary fission) |
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Since mutations are fast in prokaryotes what do they do after they mutate? |
Pass it on to their off spring. |
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How do prokaryotes reproduce? |
Asexually(binary fission) |
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Since mutations are fast in prokaryotes what do they do after they mutate? |
Pass it on to their off spring. |
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Are prokaryotes haploid? |
True |
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Conjunction |
Forms between two cells Donor passes DNA to recipient through pious |
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Transduction |
Viruses carry portion of bacterial DNA from one cell to another. |
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Three shapes of bacteria are |
Spiral Rod Round |
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Bacteria metabolism |
Photo autotrophs Both use energy to reduce carbon dioxide Chemoautotrophs Oxidize inorganic compounds to obtain energy |
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Most prokaryotes are chemoheterotrophs that take inorganic what organic nutrients. |
Aerobic saprotrophs decompose most large organic molecules to smaller molecules.
Essential components of a healthy ecosystem |
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What may be free living or symbiotic |
Commensalism Parasitism Mutualism |
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What do blue-green algae do? |
Live in extreme environments just to help the environment |
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What is a cyanaphyta |
Gram- negative bacteria that are photosynthetic Lack visible means of locomotion Can live in extreme environments |
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What is a cyanaphyta |
Gram- negative bacteria that are photosynthetic Lack visible means of locomotion Can live in extreme environments |
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Archaea metabolism |
Are chemoheterotrophs Some are mutualistic Some are commensalistic Not parasitic None are photosynthetic Many live in harsh conditions |
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What is a cyanaphyta |
Gram- negative bacteria that are photosynthetic Lack visible means of locomotion Can live in extreme environments |
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Archaea metabolism |
Are chemoheterotrophs Some are mutualistic Some are commensalistic Not parasitic None are photosynthetic Many live in harsh conditions |
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What are the classifications of archaea |
Some live in anaerobic marshes and are Methanogens that's produce methane from hydrogen gas and CO2
Some live in salty lakes and are halophiles and requires high salt concentrator ion for growth
Some live in hot sulfur springs they are thermoacidophiles. They reduce sulfide a and survive best at temps above 80 degrees celccius
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Bacteriophages viruses that affect bacteria retroviruses do not carry what |
DNA only RNA |
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Viruses lack what |
Cell Ribosomes cytoplasm |
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Heroes/HIV/cancer are viruses that lack |
Metabolism Antibiotics have no affect on then |
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Viroids |
Makes strands of RNA any crop disease |
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Prions |
Protein molecules with contagious tertiary stricter Some humans and other animal diseases like mad cow disease |
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