Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Define hormones |
Chemical signals secreted into the blood fluid |
|
|
Define target cells |
Cells containing receptor cells in the membrane |
|
|
Nervous system is (faster or slower) Endocrine system is (faster or slower) |
Nervous is faster Endocrine is slower |
|
|
What is the pathway for lactation? |
Suckling stimulates the brain, hypothalamus signal pituitary gland ➡release oxytocin ➡ mammary glands ➡ lactate |
|
|
What is the pathway for molting? |
Brain ➡ brain hormones ➡ prothoracic gland ➡ ecdysteroid ➡ adult characters & molting |
|
|
What does nitric oxide do? |
Kills bacteria and cancer cells via WBC Trigger smooth muscle relaxation via epithelium |
|
|
What does prostaglandins (semen) do? |
Triggers smooth muscle contraction in uterus Sensitize uterus to induce labor Inflammatory response Regulate blood vessel dilation in lungs |
|
|
What happens in a signal transduction pathway? |
Epinephrine/glycogen depolymerization pathway |
|
|
What does MSH do? |
Disperse melanin within the cytoplasm |
|
|
What can get into the nucleus of target cells? |
All steroid or other small non-polar molecules |
|
|
What do the molecules do once they're in the nucleus? |
Binds intracellular protein to for a transcription factor resulting in gene expression |
|
|
Define tropic hormones |
Hormones that elicit a response in another gland |
|
|
What are the 2 parts of the pituitary gland? What do they do? |
Posterior: acts on other organs Anterior: acts on other glands |
|
|
What are the posterior pituitary hormones? |
Oxytocin Antidiuretic hormone |
|
|
What are the Anterior pituitary hormones? |
Growth hormone Prolactin Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) Lutenizing hormone (LH) Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) Andrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) |
|
|
What does growth hormone do? |
Protein that stimulates cell division in bones and cartilage via insulin-like growth factors from the liver |
|
|
What does prolactin do? |
Protein that stimulates mammary growth, milk synthesis |
|
|
What does Follicle-stimulating hormone do? |
Stimulates the maturation of germ cells (spermatogenisis & oogenesis) by meiosis |
|
|
What does Lutenizing hormone do? |
In female - stimulates ovulation & formation of the follicle In male - stimulates teatosterone production |
|
|
What does thyroid stimulating hormone do? |
Stimulate hormone release by thyroid |
|
|
What does ACTH do? |
Stimulates adrenal gland to secrete hormones |
|
|
What does melanocyte stimulating hormone do? |
Stimulates melanocytes and lipid metabolism |
|
|
Where is the pineal gland located? |
Rear of midbrain connected via brain to light sensing cells |
|
|
What does the pineal gland secrete? |
Melatonin - a hormone that regulates biorythm like reproductive and sleep cycle ⬆melatonin: awake ⬇melatonin: asleep |
|
|
What does thyroid gland do? |
influences blood pressure, heart rate, digestion, muscle tone and reproduction; increases metabolism |
|
|
What does the parathyroid gland secrete? |
Parathyroid hormone |
|
|
What does parathyroid hormone do? |
Opposes TSH to release bound Ca++ into blood by blocking calcitonin and increasing release of Ca++ from bones and kidneys Activates vitamin D to increase Ca++ absorption from food |
|
|
What are the 2 components of the adrenal gland? What do they secrete? |
Adrenal Medula - secretes Epinephrine to stimulate fight or flight response & incease metabolism Adrenal Cortex - metabolizes glucose and suppresses inflammation |
|
|
What does the Gonadal Gland secrete? |
Androgens, estrogens, and progesterone under FSH/LH control |
|
|
What does oxytocin do? |
induces contractions in the smooth muscle of the uterus |
|
|
What does antidiuretic hormone do? |
increases blood pressure by increasing water retention and decreasing urine volume |
