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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the four mechanisms of cell communication? |
Direct contact, synaptic signaling, endocrine signaling, paracrine signaling |
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Regulatorychemical that is secreted into extracellular fluid and carried by the blood.Can act a distance from source. |
Hormone |
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Name a neurotransmitter that is distributed in the blood and acts as a hormone to coordinates the activity of heart, liver, and blood vessels during stress. |
Norepinephrine |
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Product secreted into extracellular fluid and carried in blood. |
Endocrine |
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Secrete product into a duct. |
Exocrine |
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What are the two basic hormone characteristic? |
1. Must be sufficiently complex to convey regulatory information to their target cells. 2. Must be adequately stable to resist destruction before reaching their target cells. |
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What are the three structural classes of hormones? |
1. Peptides and Proteins (Glycoproteins) 2. Amino Acid Derivatives (Catecholamines, Thyroid Hormones, Melatonin) 3. Steroids (Sex steroids, corticosteroids) |
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What are the functional classes of hormones? |
Lipophilic and Hydrophilic |
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Functional Class of hormone categorized as non polar, fat-soluble, steroid hormones are thyroid hormones, travel on transport proteins in blood, bind to intracellular receptors, tend to have much longer active period. |
Lipophilic Hormones |
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Functional class of hormone categorized as (POLAR):Water-soluble. All other hormones, freely soluble in blood, bind toextracellular receptors, tend to act over brief period of time. |
Hydrophilic Hormones |
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Growth Factor in which proteins that promote growth and cell division in specific organs. |
Growth Factors |
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Growth factor that activates mitosis in skin. |
Epidermal Growth Factor |
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Growth factor that stimulates growth and survival of neurons. |
Nerve Growth Factor |
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Growth factor that stimulates cell division in developing bone |
Insulin-like Growth Factor |
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A paracrine regulator that specialized in control of cell division and differentiation in immune system system used for signaling. |
Cytokines |
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Functions as a neurotransmitter, produced by endothelium of blood vessels (dilates arteries to control blood pressure). |
Nitic Oxide (NO) |
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What stimulates vasoconstriction? |
Endothelin |
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What stimulates vasodilation? |
Bradykanin |
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A Diverse group of fatty acids that are produced in almost every organ. They regulate a variety of functions (smooth muscles contraction, lung function, labor, and inflammation). |
Prostaglandins |
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What hormones are lipophilic? |
Steroid and thyroid, also chemical compounds like retinoids and Vitamin A |
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How do lipophilic hormones enter the cell? |
through a cell membrane |
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Type of hormone in which |
blahblah |
