Chapter 4 Vocabulary From The Book Biology: Principles & Explorations; Mr Rutkowski

Front 1

Movement of a substance without the use of energy by the cell

Back 1

Passive Transport

Front 2

A difference in the concentration of a substance across a space

Back 2

Concentration Gradient

Front 3

State in which the concentration of a substance is equal throughout a space

Back 3

Equilibrium

Front 4

Random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

Back 4

Diffusion

Front 5

Movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

Back 5

Osmosis

Front 6

A solution that causes a cell to shrink because of osmosis

Back 6

Hypertonic Solution

Front 7

A solution that causes a cell to swell because of osmosis

Back 7

Hypotonic Solution

Front 8

A solution that causes no change in cell size

Back 8

Isotonic Solution

Front 9

Transport protein in a cell membrane through which ions can pass

Back 9

Ion Channel

Front 10

Transport protein that carries a specific substance across a cell membrane

Back 10

Carrier Protein

Front 11

Transport of substances through a cell membrane down a concentration gradient aided by the carrier proteins

Back 11

Facilitated Diffusion

Front 12

Movement against a concentration gradient requiring the use of energy by the cell

Back 12

Active Transport

Front 13

Carrier protein that transports sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell

Back 13

Sodium-Potassium Pump

Front 14

Movement of a substance by a vesicle to the inside of a cell

Back 14

Endocytosis

Front 15

Movement of a substance by a vesicle to the outside of the cell

Back 15

Exocytosis

Front 16

Protein that binds to specific signal molecules, causing the cell to respond

Back 16

Receptor Protein

Front 17

Signal molecule produced in response to the binding of a chemical signal; alters the chemical activity within the cell

Back 17

Second Messenger