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119 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Musculoskeletal System is made up of :
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Bones, joints, and muscles
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Functions of bones are :
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support, protection, movement, storage of minerals, and production of blood
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periosteum
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outermost covering of bone
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epiphysis
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end of a long bone
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diaphysis
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shaft/main part of bone
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bone marrow
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production of red blood cells
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foramen
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opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass
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The human skeleton has how many bones?
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206
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Zygomatic bone
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cheekbone
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maxillary
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upper jaw bone
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mandible
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lower jaw bone
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ribs/costals (12 pairs)
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Attached to the vertebrae
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Ribs 1-7 are called?
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True ribs attached in the front to the sternum
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Ribs 8-10 are called?
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False ribs attached to the cartilage that joins with the sternum
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Ribs 11-12 are called?
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Floating ribs and they are not attached in front
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sternum
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breastbone
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manubrium
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upper portion of the sternum
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xiphoid
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lower portion of the sternum
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Clavicle
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collarbone
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scapula
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shoulder blade
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Acromion
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extension of the scapula that forms the high point of the shoulder (tip of the shoulder)
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humerus
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upper arm
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radius
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thumb side of the forearm (lower arm bone)
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ulna
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little finger side of the forearm (lower arm bone)
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olecranon process
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elbow
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carpals
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wrist
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metacarpals
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hands
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phalanges
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fingers
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acetabulum
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hip socket
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femur
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upper leg bone
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trochanter
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one of the two large bony projections on the upper end of the femur
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patella
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kneecap
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popliteal
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back of knee
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tibia
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shin bone, large bone of the lower leg
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fibula
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smaller bone of the lower leg
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tarsals
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ankle
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malleolus
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rounded bony protrusion on each side of the ankle (medial and lateral)
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calcaneal
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heel bone
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metatarsals
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foot
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phalanges
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toes
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Lamina
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Part of the posterior portion of the vertebrae.
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The 3 parts of the pelvic girdle are:
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ilium, ischium, and pubis.
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Joints/Articulations
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Connections between bones
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Suture joints
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Non-movable, like in the skull
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Synovial joints
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Movable joints such as the ball and socket joints found in the hips and shoulders.
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Bursa
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Sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in areas that are subject to friction such as the elbow and shoulder.
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Meniscus
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A curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints such as the the knee.
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3 Types of Muscles
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Smooth, Skeletal, and Cardiac
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Smooth Muscle
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visceral- involuntary
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Cardiac Muscle
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Looks like striated, acts like smooth
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Skeletal Muscle
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Striated- voluntary
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Fascia
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covering of muscle
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tendon
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attaches muscles to bones
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ligaments
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attaches bones to bones
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Aponeurosis
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large tendon
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flexor
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bends
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extensor
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straightens
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pectoral
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chest
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rectus
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straight
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oblique
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at an angle
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transverse
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across
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sphincter
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ringlike muscle
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biceps
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two divisions
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triceps
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three divisions
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quadriceps
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four divisions
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maximus
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large
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minimus
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small
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deltoid
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shaped like a triangle
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major
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important
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levator
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lift
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depressor
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lower
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fracture
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broken bone
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closed/simple fracture
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bone broke, not through skin
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open/compound fracture
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bone broke and through the skin
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comminuted fracture
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bone shattered into pieces
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impacted fracture
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one bone shoved into another
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greenstick fracture
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bone breaks on one side and bends on the other
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hairline fracture
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incomplete break
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pathological fracture
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fracture caused by disease
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Colles' fracture
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fracture of the wrist (lower end of the radius)
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Reduction
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Treatment for a fracture
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Closed reduction
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manipulating the fracture externally
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Open reduction
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requires surgery and internal fixation (pins, screws, etc.) or external fixation (rod internally and protrudes externally)
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osteoporosis
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porous bones
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scoliosis
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curvature of spne
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kyphosis
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humpback
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lordosis
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swayback
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spinal bifida
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hole in spine; spinal column did not close completely
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rheumatoid arthritis
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inflammation of joints
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osteoarthritis
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inflammation of bones and joints
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gout
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too much uric acid ; collects in a joint
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Ewing's sarcoma
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bone cancer
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ergonomics
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making the work place better- to avoid carpal tunnel syndrome, etc.
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crepitation
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grinding noise when cartilage and bone rub together
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electromyography (EMG)
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process of recording electricity of muscle
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sprain
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injury
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strain
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no injury- just over use of muscles
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talipes
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deformity of foot - i. e. clubfoot
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AE
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above elbow
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AK
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above knee
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BE
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below elbow
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BK
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below knee
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C
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cervical
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Fx
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Fracture
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HNP
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herniated disc
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IM
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intramuscular
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L
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Lumbar
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RA
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Rheumatoid Arthritis
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T
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Thoracic
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EMG
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Electromyography
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Head
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Large smooth ball-shaped end of a long bone.
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Condyle
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Smooth rounded portion at the end of a bone.
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Epicondyle
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Projection located above or on a condyle.
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Tubercle
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Small, rough process that provides the attachment for tendons and muscles.
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Trochanter
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Large rough process for the attachment of a muscle.
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sinus
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hollow cavity within a bone
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foramen
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smooth, round opening for nerves and blood vessels
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fossa
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Shallow cavity or depression on the surface of a bone.
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fissue
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slit-type opening
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