Chapter 4 Science Rocks

Front 1

sediments

Back 1

loose materials, such as rock fragments, mineral grains, and the remains of once-living plants and animals, that have been moved by wind, water, ice, or gravity

Front 2

nonfoliated

Back 2

describes metamorphic rock, such as quartzite or marble, whose mineral grains do not line up in parallel layers

Front 3

foliated

Back 3

describes metamorphic rock, such as slated and gneiss, whose mineral grains line up in parallel layers

Front 4

granitic

Back 4

describes generally light-colored, silica-rich, poor in magnesium and iron, less dense than basaltic

Front 5

basaltic

Back 5

describes dense, dark-colored igneous rock form from magma, rich in magnesium and iron, poor in silica

Front 6

rock

Back 6

mixture of one or more minerals, rock fragments, volcanic glass, organic matter, or other natural materials; can be igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary

Front 7

organic

Back 7

made from the remains of once-living things

Front 8

chemical

Back 8

dissolved minerals that come out of a solution; not made from preexisting rocks

Front 9

conglomerate

Back 9

rock that is rounded (sedimentary)

Front 10

breccia

Back 10

rocks with sharp edges (sedimentary)

Front 11

detrital

Back 11

form from broken fragments of other rocks; sediments are compacted and cemented together to form solid rock

Front 12

erosion

Back 12

movement of weathered materials

Front 13

igneous

Back 13

forms when hot magma/lava cools and hardens

Front 14

extrusive

Back 14

describes fine-grained igneous rock that forms when magma cools quickly at or near Earth's surface

Front 15

intrusive

Back 15

describes a type of igneous rock that generally contains large crystals and forms when magma cools slowly beneath Earth's surface

Front 16

cementation

Back 16

sedimentary rock-forming process in which sediment grains are held together by natural elements that are produced when water moves throughout rock and soil

Front 17

compaction

Back 17

process that forms sedimentary rocks when layers of sediments are compressed by the weight of the layers above them

Front 18

sedimentary

Back 18

forms when sediments are compacted or cemented together or when minerals form from solutions

Front 19

metamorphic

Back 19

forms when heat, pressure, or fluids act on igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rock to change its form, composition, or both

Front 20

rock cycle

Back 20

model that describes how rocks slowly change from one form to another through time