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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Four types of tissues |
epithelial nervous |
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Epithelial Tissue - Epithelium |
Covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs, body cavities and ducts Has apical surface and basal surface Has nerve supply, NO blood supply |
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Functions of Epithelium |
Protects - top layer of skin Filtration - kidney Lubrication - intestinal (goblet) cells Secretion - endocrine (pancreas) cells Digestion and Absorption - intestinal cells Transportation - cilliated cells |
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Subtypes of Epithelium |
1. Covering and lining epithelium 2. Gladular Epithelium |
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Covering and Lining Epithelium |
- Top layer of skin - Lining of blood vessels and cavities - Lining intestinal, respiratory, reproductive, urinary & GI tract |
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Gladular Epitheliuum |
- Secreting portion of glands |
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Simple Layer of Epithelium |
one layer |
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Stratified Layer of Epithelium |
several layers |
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Pseudostratified layer of Epithelium |
one layer that appears as several |
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Squamous Cell Shape |
Flat |
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Cuboidal Cell Shape |
Cube-like |
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Columnar Cell Shape |
Rectangular |
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Transitional Cell Shape |
Variable |
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Simple Squamous Cells |
single flat, scale-like cells adapted for diffusion and filtration (lungs & kidneys) or to line interior cavities and organs |
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Endothelium |
lines heart & blood vessels |
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Mesothelium |
lines various body cavities and covers organs within body cavity |
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Simple Cuboidal Cells |
Single layer of cube-shaped cells - function in secretion or absorption - seen in glands and kidneys |
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Simple Columnar Cells |
Single layer of rectangular shaped cells that can exist in two forms: - Nonciliated Cells with microvilli for increased surface area and rate of absorption - Ciliated Cells with cilia - help move substances along surface |
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Pseudostratified Epithelium |
Single layer that appears to be multilayered Ciliated - has goblet cells and cilia to move mucus in respiratory tract Nonciliated - no cilia, often part of glands |
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Stratified Epithelium |
at least 2 layers of cells name depends on shape of surface cells |
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Transitional Epithelium |
consists of several layers that vary in shape allows organ to expand only found in urinary system where they line the urinary bladder and parts of the uterus and urethra |
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Glandular Epithelium |
consists of: - Gland - Endocrine - Exocrine |
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Gland |
Single cell or group of epithelial cells adapted for secretion |
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Endocrine |
ductless, creates secretory products (hormones) that enter extracellular fluid and diffuse into the blood |
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Exocrine |
secretes products into ducts that empty at surface of epithelium |
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Connective Tissues |
Consist of: - Cells - Matrix |
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Connective Tissues have |
- no apical or basal surfaces - highly vascular tissue - has a nerve supply (except cartilage) |
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Loose Connective Tissue |
Fibers scattered throughout semi-fluid to gelatinous ground substance in these tissues |
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Adipose Tissue |
- Made of adipocytes that store triglycerides - Reduces heat loss through skin, serves as energy reserve, supports, and protects body |
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Reticular Connection Tissue |
- Forms stroma (framework) of certain organs - Helps bind together cells of smooth muscle |
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Dense Connective Tissue |
has more fibers that are thicker and denser but fewer fibroblasts compared to loose connective tissue |
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Tendon |
muscle to bone connections |
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Ligament |
bone to bone connections |
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Dense Regular Connective Tissue |
bundles of collagen fibers in a regular, orderly, parallel arrangement that confers great strength in one direction |
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Dense Irregular Connective Tissue |
collagen fibers that are irregularly arranged found in parts of the body where pulling forces are exerted in many directions found in heart valves and dermis of skin |
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Elastic Connective Tissue |
consists of elastic fibers and fibroblast cells strong and able to recoil back to original shape after being stretched found in lung tissue and elastic arteries (aorta) |
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Cartilage |
- strength from collagen fibers - resilience from chondroitin sulfate - no blood vessels or nerves |
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Types of Cartilage |
- Hyaline Cartilage - Fibrocartilage - Elastic Cartilage |
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Hyaline Cartilage |
- most abundant cartilage - weakest cartilage - found in fetal skeleton, ends of long bones, nose, etc. |
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Fibrocartilage |
- strongest of all cartilage - found in intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis and cartilage pads |
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Elastic Cartilage |
- strong and elastic - maintains shape of certain organs - found in larynx, auditory tubes, and auricle of ear |
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Osteocytes |
mature bone cells |
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Types of Bone Tissue |
Compact Tissue Spongy Tissue |
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Canaliculi |
minute canals that provide routes for nutrients and wast transport to the central canal |
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Basic Unit of Compact Bone Tissue |
Osteon |
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Trabeculae |
Basic unit of spongy bone tissue.
Sponge-like region filled with red bone marrow (blood-forming tissue) |
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Blood Matrix (plasma) consists of: |
- Erythocytes - Leukocytes - Platelets |
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Erythocytes |
function in transporting respiratory gases |
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Leukocytes |
involved in phagocytosis, immunity and allergic reactions |
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Platelets |
function in blood clotting |
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Lymph |
contains less protein than plasma returns fluids back to bloodstream moves cells and substances from one part of the body to another |
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Membranes |
flat sheets of pliable tissue that cover or line a part of the body |
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Serous Membrane |
- lines body cavity that doesn't open directly to the exterior - covers the organs that lie within the cavity - secretes lubricating serous fluid that reduces friction |
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Cutaneous Membrane (skin) |
covers body surfaces and consists of epidermis and dermis acts as a barrier to entry (keeps pathogens out and water in) |
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Synovial Membrane |
Lines joint cavities, bursae and tendon sheaths Doesn't contain epithelium; only areolar and adipose connective tissue Secretes a lubricating synovial fluid from synoviocytes |
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Muscular Tissue |
Consists of fibers that are modified for contraction |
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Skeletal Muscular Tissue |
- Attached to bones - Very long cells that are striated within many nuclei - Under voluntary control (we can control this type of muscle) |
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Cardiac Muscular Tissue |
- Forms most of heart wall - Branched cells that are striated - Under involuntary control (subconscious) |
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Smooth Muscular Tissue (visceral) |
- Found in walls of hollow internal structures - Fibers are spindle-shaped and non-striated - Control is usually involuntary |
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Nervous Tissue |
Consists of: - Neurons (nerve cells) - Neuroglia |
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Dendrites |
Conduct nerve impulses toward the cell body |
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Axons |
Conduct nerve impulses away from the cell body |