Chapter 4 - Health And Disease

Front 1

Cytology

Back 1

the study of cells

Front 2

membrane

Back 2

thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or separated space.

Front 3

cell membrane

Back 3

surrounds and protects the cell

Front 4

Cytoplasm

Back 4

contents within the cell membrane (not including the nucleus)

Front 5

nucleus

Back 5

the central controlling body within the cell.

Front 6

Histology

Back 6

The study of the microscopic structure of tissue

Front 7

Epithelial tissues

Back 7

internal and external surfaces pf the body

Front 8

Epithelium

Back 8

Skin/Epidermis
Specialized epithelial tissue that creates the epidermis of the skin

Front 9

Endothelium

Back 9

epithelial tissue that lines the lymph and blood vessels, body cavities, glands, and organs.

Front 10

Glands

Back 10

secretion producing epithelial tissues.

Front 11

Connective tissues

Back 11

lend support and connect organs and other body systems.

Front 12

Bones and cartilage

Back 12

Dense connective tissues.

Front 13

Adipose tissue

Fat

Back 13

produces insulation, padding, support and acts as nutrient storage

(adi means fat, pose means pertaining to)

Front 14

Nerve cells

Blood vessels

Back 14

supported and surrounded by loose connective tissue.

Front 15

Blood and lymph

Back 15

liquid connective tissues.

Front 16

Muscle tissue

Back 16

cell substances with ability to contract and relax

Front 17

Nerve tissue

Back 17

contains special cells with the ability to react to stimuli and conduct electrical impulses.

Front 18

Pathology

Back 18

the study of changes in the body produced by disease.

Front 19

pathologist

Back 19

one who studies structural and functional changes in the body produced by disease.

Front 20

Etiology

Back 20

the study of the causes of diseases.

Front 21

Infectious disease

Back 21

illness caused by a communicable organism.

Front 22

idiopathic disorder

Back 22

an illness having no known cause.

Front 23

organic disorder

Back 23

pathological physical changes that account for the patient's symptoms.

Front 24

functional disorder

Back 24

there are no physical changes to account for the patient's symptoms.

Front 25

iatrogenic illness

(eye-at-roh-JEN-ick)

Back 25

an adverse response to the medical treatment provided for a disorder.

Front 26

Nosocomial infection

(nos-oh-KOM-mee-al)

Back 26

hospital acquired infection that was not present on admission but develops 72 hours or more after admittance

Front 27

Aplasia

Back 27

*Lack* of development of an organ or tissue.

Front 28

Hypoplasia

Back 28

*Incomplete development* of an organ or tissue. Less severe then aplasia.

Front 29

Hyperplasia

Back 29

*Abnormal increase* in the number of normal cells in a tissue.

Front 30

Dysplasia

Back 30

*Abnormal development* or growth of cells.

Front 31

Anaplasia

Back 31

*A change in the structure of cells* and their direction to each other characteristic of malignancy.

Front 32

Communicable/Contagious disease

Back 32

any disease transmitted either directly or indirectly

Front 33

Contaminated

Back 33

probable presence of an infectious agent

Front 34

Bloodborne transmission

Back 34

disease contracted through blood or body fluids.

Front 35

Sexually transmitted disease (STD)

Venereal disease

Back 35

contagious disease usually acquired by sexual intercourse or genital contact.

Front 36

Airborne transmission

Back 36

illness trasnmitted through respiratory droplet

Front 37

Food and waterborne transmission or fecal/oral transmission

Back 37

illness caused by eating or drinking contaminated food or water that has not been prepared properly to remove the toxins.

Front 38

Endemic

Back 38

the ongoing presence of a disease within a population or area.

Front 39

Epidemic

Back 39

a sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a population or area.

Front 40

Pandemic

Back 40

occurring over a large geographic area.

Front 41

Epidemiologist

Back 41

specialist in the study of outbreaks of disease within a population or area.

Front 42

Allergist

Back 42

Treatment of hypersensitive reactions

Front 43

Anesthesiologist

Back 43

Administration of medicine for loss of sensation

Front 44

Cardiologist

Back 44

Treatment of heart conditions

Front 45

Cardiovascular surgeon

Back 45

Surgery of the heart and vasculature

Front 46

Dermatologist

Back 46

Management of skin disorders

Front 47

Emergency practitioner

Back 47

Eval and treatment of acute injury and illness

Front 48

Endocrinologist

Back 48

Treatment of endocrine gland disorders

Front 49

Geriatrician

Back 49

Treatment of disease of old age

Front 50

Hematologist

Back 50

Treatment of blood disorders

Front 51

Internist

Back 51

Internal medicine, physiology and pathology of internal organs

Front 52

Nephrologist

Back 52

Treatment of kidney disease

Front 53

Neurologist

Back 53

Treatment of nerve disorders

Front 54

Obstetrician

Back 54

Treatment of pregnancy; delivery of babies

Front 55

Oncologist

Back 55

Medical treatment of malignant and benign tumors

Front 56

Ophthalmologist

Back 56

Treatment of eye disorders

Front 57

Otolaryngologist

Back 57

Treatment of the ear, and throat

Front 58

Pathologist

Back 58

Diagnosis of disease by analysis of cells

Front 59

Pulmonologist

Back 59

Treatment of lung disorders

Front 60

Radiologist

Back 60

Evaluation of x-rays to determine diagnosis

Front 61

Radiation oncologist

Back 61

Treatment of disease with high-energy radiation

Front 62

Rheumatologist

Back 62

Treatment of joint and muscle disorders

Front 63

Thoracic Surgeon

Back 63

Surgery on chest organs

Front 64

Urologist

Back 64

Surgery of the urinary tract