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20 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

agents of direct social control

Those who attempt to punish or neutralize organizations and individuals who deviate from society’s norms. Such agents include social welfare agencies, science and medicine, and government. Compare to agents of ideological social control. (Chapter 4)

agents of ideological social control

Those who attempt to shape the consciousness of people in society by influencing ideas, attitudes, morals, and values. Such agents include the family, educational institutions, religion, organized sports, the media, and the government and help to maintain the status quo by persuading citizens to willingly comply with laws. Compare to agents of direct social control. (Chapter 4)

compensatory social control

Focuses on providing restitution to the victim of a harmful act. This is typically accomplished through the civil justice system. (Chapter 4)

conciliatory social control

Attempts to create and preserve social harmony via dispute resolution. This is accomplished through practices such as mediation. (Chapter 4)

decarceration

A movement in the 1960s and 1970s emphasizing a reduced use of jails and prisons, instead focusing on community-based, sometimes therapeutic, forms of social control. (Chapter 4)

deviance

Behaviors that violate society’s expectations, beliefs, standards, or values. As such, deviance refers to any departure from behaviors that are typical, acceptable, or accepted. Therefore, deviant behaviors violate social norms and generate negative reactions from the agents of social control. Crime is one form of deviance. (Chapters 1, 4, 5)

external/relational social control

A type of informal social control that depends on a person’s interactions with others, in which positive or negative reactions from others lead individuals to conform to social norms. Compare to internal or self-control. (Chapter 4)

folkways

Norms that are less formal and that tend not to be based on moral foundations. Compare to mores. (Chapter 4)

formal social control

Mechanisms exercised by the government to control human behavior and to cause persons to conform to norms and obey laws. Criminal justice and criminal law are the most important tools of formal social control. Compare to informal social control. (Chapter 4)

informal social control

Tools used to control behavior in everyday social life, including social control exercised by peers, communities, families, and groups. This forms the basis of the socialization process. Compare to formal social control. (Chapter 4)

internal or self-control

A type of informal social control related to conscience in which an individual internalizes norms and acts according to them. Compare to external or relational social control. (Chapter 4)

medicalization of deviance

Defining a deviant behavior as an illness or a symptom of an illness and then providing medical intervention to treat the illness. Incorporates elements of the medical model of deviance and therapeutic formal social control. (Chapter 4)

mores

Norms that are formally expressed and that tend to have moral underpinnings. Compare to folkways. (Chapter 4)

penal social control

Views the violator of a social norm that has been written into criminal law as an offender who is deserving of official punishment. This is accomplished through the criminal justice system. (Chapter 4)

prescriptive norms

Norms that specify what individuals should or are encouraged to do. Compare to proscriptive norms. (Chapter 4)



Think: prescribe

proscriptive norms

Norms that specify what individuals should not or are encouraged not to do. Compare to prescriptive norms. (Chapter 4)

social control

The processes by which society controls individual and group behaviors. The term is now often used to refer to the ways deviant behaviors are controlled, both informally and formally. (Chapter 4)

social norms

Societal judgments about what individuals should or should not do. Norms are based on widely shared values about what are good or bad, correct or incorrect, behaviors. (Chapter 4)

socialization

The process by which individuals learn a society’s or culture’s norms and also learn to conform to them. (Chapter 4)

subculture

A group that shares a set of norms that are different from those of the larger society. (Chapter 4)