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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Before being metabolized to make ATP, amino acids must be_________________. |
Deaminated |
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A_____________ is a series of enzymatic reactions in which a substrate molecule goes through a series of reactions, being altered in a specific way in each reaction before being converted into the final product. |
Metabolic reation |
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When a molecule gains elections that molecules has been ______________, |
Reduced |
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when a molecule loses electrons it has been ___________. |
Oxidized |
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Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions in which a _____________ molecule is converted into the final product |
Substrate |
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ADP is ____________________ to make ATP |
Phosphorylated |
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The process in which glucose monomers are used to make glycogen is called ____________. |
Glycogenesis |
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When glucose is used to manufacture lipids the process is called______________. |
Lipogenesis |
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Which step of aerobic cellular respiration produces most of the ATP? |
Electron Transport Chain |
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Substances which increase the rate at which mutations will occur above background levels are called ____________________ |
Mutagens |
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Enzymes speed up the rates of chemical reactions by lowering the ____________ of the reaction. |
Activation energy |
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The main reservoirs of glycogen are cells of liver and _________________. |
Muscles |
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A change in the sequence of nucleotides in a person's DNA is called a _______________. |
Mutation |
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A ______________ alters the rate of a chemical reaction, but it is not used up during the chemical reaction nor altered during the chemical reaction. |
Catalyst |
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The anaerobic phase of cellular respiration is called ______________. |
Glycolysis |
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When proteins are digested they are broken down into _________________. |
amino acids |
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_____________ is the process of making mRNA from DNA. |
Transcription |
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__________________ is the process of making a protien from an mRNA. |
Translation |
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The section of DNA that encodes a single protein is called a ______________. |
Gene |
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The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain is _____________. |
Oxygen |
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The four organic bases that occur in RNA molecules are: |
Adenine Cytosine Guanine Uracil |
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The substrate of an enzyme binds to the ____________ of the enzyme. |
Active sites |
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A change to a single base pair in the sequence of DNA molecule is called a _______________ mutation. |
Point |
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If a single nucleotide change results in a protein with the exact same amino acid sequence it is called _______________ mutation. |
Silent |
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If the base pair change results in an alteration of the amino acid sequence of the protein it is called _________________ mutation. |
missense |
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If the base pair change results in a codon of an amino acid being changed into a stop codon it is called a _______________ mutation. |
nonsense |
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The insertion of deletion of base pairs in the DNA results in _____________ mutations. |
Frameshift |
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If there is not enough oxygen present for aerobic respiration, pyruvic acid will be reduced to form__________________. |
Lactic acid |
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The ____________ law of thermodynamics deals with the quality of energy. |
Second |
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The ______________ law of themodynamics deals with the quantity of energy in the universe. |
First |
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Energy is measured in________________. |
Calories |
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What are the three steps of aerobic cellular respiration? Where does each of these steps occur? Which of these steps can proceed with out oxygen? |
1. Glycosis- Cytoplasm (occurs with or without oxygen) 2. Kreb cycle- Matrix of Mitochondria 3. Electron transport chain- Mitochondria (inner membrane) |
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The electrons used to run the electron transport chain are transported to the electron transport chain by NADH+H and FADH2. |
True |
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DNA polymerase cannot bind to single stranded DNA |
true |
