Chapter 4

Front 1

the four divisions of the abdomen

Back 1

abdominal quadrants

Front 2

the pelvic socket into which the ball at the proximal end of the femur fits to form the hip joint

Back 2

acetabulum

Front 3

the joint where the acromion and the clavicle meet

Back 3

acromion process

Front 4

the microscopic sacs of the lungs where gas exchange with the bloodstream takes place

Back 4

alveoli

Front 5

standing erect, facing the observer, arms down at sides, palms facing forward

Back 5

anatomical position

Front 6

the study of body structure

Back 6

anatomy

Front 7

the front of the body or body part

Back 7

anterior

Front 8

the largest artery in the blood. it transports blood from the left ventricle to begin systemic circulation

Back 8

aorta

Front 9

a small tube located near the junction of the small and large intestines in the right lower quadrant

Back 9

appendix

Front 10

the smallest kind of artery

Back 10

arteriole

Front 11

any blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart

Back 11

artery

Front 12

the two upper chambers of the heart

Back 12

atria

left atria receives unoxygentaed blood returning from the body

right atria receives oxygenated blood returning from the lungs

Front 13

the ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on it's own

Back 13

automaticity

Front 14

the division of the peripheral nerves system that controls involuntary motor functions

Back 14

automatic nervous system

Front 15

on both sides

Back 15

bilateral

Front 16

the pressure caused by blood exerting force against the walls of blood vessels

Back 16

blood pressure

Front 17

artery of the upper arm

Back 17

brachial artery

Front 18

the two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs

Back 18

bronchi

Front 19

the heel bone

Back 19

calcaneus

Front 20

a thin walled microscopic blood vessel where o2 and co2 exchange takes place

Back 20

capillary

Front 21

a system of specialized muscle tissues which conduct electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat

Back 21

cardiac conduction system

Front 22

specialized involuntary muscle found only in the heart

Back 22

cardiac muscle

Front 23

the system made up of the heart and the blood vessels

Back 23

cardiovascular/circulatory system

Front 24

the large neck arteries that carry blood from the heart to the head

Back 24

carotid arteries

Front 25

the wrist bones

Back 25

carpals

Front 26

the brain and spinal cord

Back 26

central nervous system

Front 27

the carotid and femoral pulses

Back 27

central pulses

Front 28

the collarbone

Back 28

clavicle

Front 29

blood vessels that supply the muscle of the heart (myocardium)

Back 29

coronary arteries

Front 30

the top, back, and sides of the skull

Back 30

cranium

Front 31

the ring shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the pelvis

Back 31

cricoid cartilage

Front 32

the inner second layer of skin rich in nerves and blood vessels

Back 32

dermis

Front 33

the muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. a major muscle of respiration

Back 33

diaphragm

Front 34

the pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle is refilling

Back 34

diastolic BP

Front 35

system by which food travels through the body and is broken down into absorpable forms

Back 35

digestive system

Front 36

farther away from the torso

Back 36

distal

Front 37

referring to the back of the body or the back of the hand or foot

Back 37

dorsal

Front 38

artery supplying the foot, lateral to the large tendon of the big toe

Back 38

dorsalis pedis pulse

Front 39

system of glands that produce chemicals called hormones that help to regulat many body activites and fucnctions

Back 39

endocrine system

Front 40

the outer layer of skin

Back 40

epidermis

Front 41

a leaf shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from entering the trachea

Back 41

epiglottis

Front 42

a hormone produced by the body, it dilates respiratory passages and is used to relieve severe allergic reactions

Back 42

epinephrine

Front 43

a passive process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and the diaphragm relax, causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and air to flow out of the lungs

Back 43

exhalation

Front 44

the major artery supplying the leg

Back 44

femoral artery

Front 45

the large bone of the thigh

Back 45

femur

Front 46

the lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg

Back 46

fibula

Front 47

a sitting position

Back 47

fowler's

Front 48

a sac on the underside of the live that stores bile produced by the liver

Back 48

gallbladder

Front 49

the bone of the upper arm, between the shoulder and the elbow`

Back 49

humerus

Front 50

inadequate perfusion of the cells and tissues of the body caused by insufficient flow of blood through the capillaries

Back 50

hypoperfusion

Front 51

the superior and widest portion of the pelvis

Back 51

ilium

Front 52

away from the head

Back 52

inferior

Front 53

an active process in which the intercostal (ribs) muscles and the diaphragm contract, expanding the size of the chest cavity and causing air to flow into the lungs

Back 53

inhalation

Front 54

a hormone produced by the pancreas

Back 54

insulin

Front 55

the lower posterior portions of the pelvis

Back 55

ischium

Front 56

muscle that responds automatically to brain signals and cannot be consciously controlled

Back 56

involuntary muscle (smooth)

Front 57

the point where two bones come together

Back 57

joint

Front 58

the muscular tube that removes water from waste products received from the small intestine and removes anything not absorbed by the body toward excretion from the body

Back 58

large intestine

Front 59

the voice box

Back 59

larynx

Front 60

to the side, away from the midline of the body

Back 60

lateral

Front 61

tissues that connect bone to bone

Back 61

ligament

Front 62

the largest organ of the body, produces bile to assist in breakdown of fats and assists in the metabolism of various substances in the body

Back 62

liver

Front 63

the organs where exchange of atmospheric oxygen and waste carbon dioxide take place

Back 63

lungs

Front 64

protrusion on the side of the ankle

Back 64

malleolus

the lateral malleolus at the lower end of the fibula is seen on the outer ankle

the medical malleolus at the lower end of the tibia is seen on the inner ankle

Front 65

the lower jaw bone

Back 65

mandible

Front 66

the superior portion of the sternum

Back 66

manubrium

Front 67

the two fused bone forming the upper jaw

Back 67

maxillae

Front 68

toward the midline of the body

Back 68

medial

Front 69

the hand bones

Back 69

metacarpals

Front 70

the foot bones

Back 70

metatarsals

Front 71

a line drawn vertically from the middle of the armpit to the ankle

Back 71

mid-axillary

Front 72

the line through the center of each clavicle

Back 72

mid-clavicular

Front 73

an imaginary line drawn down the center of the body dividing it into right land halves

Back 73

midline

Front 74

tissues that can contract to allow movement of a bodypart

Back 74

muscle

Front 75

the system of bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the body and permit movement

Back 75

musculoskeletal system

Front 76

the nose bones

Back 76

nasal bones

Front 77

the area directly posterior to the nose

Back 77

nasopharynx

Front 78

the system of brain, spinal cord, and nerves that govern sensation, movement, and thought

Back 78

nervous system

Front 79

the bony structures around the eyes, the eye sockets

Back 79

orbits

Front 80

the area directly posterior to the mouth

Back 80

oropharynx

Front 81

referring to the palm of the hand

Back 81

palmar

Front 82

a gland located behind the stomach that produces insulin and produces juices that assist in digestion of food in the duodenum of the small intestine

Back 82

pancreas

Front 83

the kneecap

Back 83

patella

Front 84

the basin shaped bony structure that supports the spine and is the point of proximal attachment for the lower extremities

Back 84

pelvis

Front 85

the supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries

Back 85

perfusion

Front 86

the nerves that enter and leave the spinal cord and travel between the brain and organs without passing through the spinal cord

Back 86

peripheral nervous system

Front 87

the radial, brachial, posterior tibial, and doralis pedis pulses

Back 87

peripheral pulses

Front 88

the toe bones and finger bones

Back 88

phalanges

Front 89

the area directly posterior to the mouth and nose

Back 89

pharynx

Front 90

the study of body function

Back 90

physiology

Front 91

a flat surface formed when slicing through a solid object

Back 91

plane

Front 92

referring to the sole of the foot

Back 92

plantar

Front 93

the fluid portion of the blood

Back 93

plasma

Front 94

components of the blood, membrane enclosed fragments of specialized cells

Back 94

platelets

Front 95

the back of the body or bodypart

Back 95

posterior

Front 96

artery supplying the foot behind the medial ankle

Back 96

posterior tibial artery

Front 97

lying face down

Back 97

prone

Front 98

closer to the torso

Back 98

proximal

Front 99

the medial anterior portion of the pelvis

Back 99

pubis

Front 100

the vessels that carry blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs

Back 100

pulmonary arteries

Front 101

the vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

Back 101

pulmonary veins

Front 102

the rhythmic beats caused as waves of blood move through and expand the arteries

Back 102

pulse

Front 103

artery of the lower arm felt at the wrist

Back 103

radial pulse

Front 104

the lateral bone of the forearm

Back 104

radius

Front 105

lying on the side, also called lateral recumbent position

Back 105

recovery position

Front 106

components of the blood they carry oxygen to and carbon dioxide away from the cells

Back 106

red blood cells (erythrocytes)

Front 107

the system of the nose, mouth, throat, lungs, and muscles that brings oxygen into the body and expels carbon dioxide

Back 107

respiratory system

Front 108

the shoulder blade

Back 108

scapula

Front 109

hypoperfusion

Back 109

shock

Front 110

the bones of the body

Back 110

skeleton

Front 111

the layer of tissue between the body and the external body

Back 111

skin

Front 112

the bony structure of the head

Back 112

skull

Front 113

the muscular tube between the stomach and large intestine, dived into the duodenum, the jejunum, and ileum, which receives partially digested food from the stomach and continues digestion. nutrients are absorbed by the body through its walls

Back 113

small intestine

Front 114

an organ located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen that acts as a blood filtration system and a reservoir for reserves of blood

Back 114

spleen

Front 115

the breastbone

Back 115

sternum

Front 116

muscular sac between the esophagus the small intestine where digestion of food begins

Back 116

stomach

Front 117

the layers of fat and soft tissues found below the dermis

Back 117

subcutaneous layer

Front 118

toward the head

Back 118

superior

Front 119

lying on the back

Back 119

supine

Front 120

the pressure created in the arteries when the left ventricle contracts and forces blood out into circulation

Back 120

systolic blood pressure

Front 121

the ankle bones

Back 121

tarsals

Front 122

tissues that connect muscle to bone

Back 122

tendon

Front 123

the chest

Back 123

thorax

Front 124

the medial and larger bone of the lower leg

Back 124

tibia

Front 125

the trunk of the body

Back 125

torso

Front 126

the windpipe, the structure that connects the pharynx to the lungs

Back 126

trachea

Front 127

a position in which the patient's feet and legs are higher than the head. also called the shock position

Back 127

trendelenburg

Front 128

the medial bone of the forearm

Back 128

ulna

Front 129

a structure that opens and closes to permit the flow of a fluid in only one direction

Back 129

valve

Front 130

the two major veins that return blood from the body to the right atrium

Back 130

venae cavae

Front 131

referring to the front of the body

Back 131

ventral

Front 132

the two lower chambers of the heart.

Back 132

ventricles

right ventricle sends oxygen poor blood to the lungs

left ventricle sends oxygen rich blood to the body

Front 133

the smallest kind of veine

Back 133

venules

Front 134

the 33 bones of the spinal column

Back 134

vertebrae

Front 135

muscle that can be consciously controlled

Back 135

voluntary muscle

Front 136

components of the blood that produce substances that help the body fight infection

Back 136

white blood cells (leukocytes)

Front 137

the inferior portion of the sternum

Back 137

xiphoid process

Front 138

the structure of the cheeks

Back 138

zygomatic bones

Front 139

the armpit

Back 139

axilla