Chapter 4

Front 1

Unitary System

Back 1

a centralized system in which state and local govts. exercise only those powers given to them by the national/central govt. which holds ultimate authority

Front 2

Confederal System

Back 2

a Confederation; a league of independent states; the central govt. handles only those matters of common concern expressly delegated to it by member states; the central govt. can't pass laws that directly apply to individuals unless the member states explicitly support such laws

Front 3

Federal System

Back 3

a compromise between the Confederal and Unitary form of govt.; authority is usually divided btwn. national and state or other regional govts. by a written constitution.
All levels of govt. (national, state, & local) have the power to pass laws that directly influence the people; BUT the National Govt.'s laws are supreme

Front 4

Division of Powers

Back 4

the way in which governmental powers are divided btwn. the national govt. and state govts.

Front 5

Expressed/Enumerated Powers

Back 5

Those powers that are explicitly delegated to the nataional government; listed in the Constitution

Front 6

Implied Powers

Back 6

powers of the National Govt. that are implied by the expressed powers

Front 7

Elastic Clause

Back 7

the clause that gives Congress all those powers that can be reasonably implied/inferred from the brief wording of the Constitution, even though they aren't expressly stated

Front 8

Inherent Powers

Back 8

powers of the National Govt. that are simply there to ensure the nation's integrity and survival as a political unit

Front 9

Reserved Powers

Back 9

powers not given to the national government and not denied to the state government; therefore they are given to the state govts.

Front 10

Concurrent Powers

Back 10

certain powers that the Constitution gives to both the national and state govts.

Front 11

Horizontal Federalism

Back 11

interaction among the state governments

Front 12

The Priveleges and Immunities Clause

Back 12

the clause that prevents states from discriminating against citizens of other states

Front 13

Full Faith and Credit Clause

Back 13

the clause that requires states to recognize one another's laws and court decisions

Front 14

Extradition

Back 14

when a fugitive is caught and returned to the state from which they fled

Front 15

Republican form of government

Back 15

the form of government in which the people are governed by elected representatives

Front 16

The Supremacy Clause

Back 16

the clause that gives the national govt. supremacy over all state and local govts. it implies that states can't use their reserved or concurrent powers to counter national policies

Front 17

McCulloch v. Maryland

Back 17

established that Congress had implied power (based on necessary and proper clause)including the implied powers to create a national bank; and also established that no state could use its taxing power to tax an arm of the national government

Front 18

Gibbons v. Ogden

Back 18

case which held the issue of whether the national govt. had the exclusive power to regulate commerce involving more than one state; the decision established the defining of the word "commerce" and that the power to regulate interstate commerce was an exclusive national power and had no limitations other than those specifically found in the Constitution

Front 19

Dual Federalism

Back 19

the model assuming that the states and the national govt. are more or less equal, w/ each level of govt. having separate and distinct functions and responsibilities

Front 20

Cooperative Federalism

Back 20

the model that involves cooperation among all levels of govt. this model views the national and state govts. as complementary parts of a single govermental mechanism; this model erupted during the New Deal and the Great Depression

Front 21

New Federalism

Back 21

the model that involves returning to the states certain powers that have been exercised by the national govt. since the 1930s; it is a shift from a nation-centered federalism to a state-centered federalism

Front 22

Devolution

Back 22

the transfer of powers to political sub-unites

i.e. the New Federalism model