Chapter 3&4 Study Guide

Front 1

Cephalocaudal Principal

Back 1

growth follows direction and pattern that begins with the head and upper body parts and then proceeds to the rest of the body

Front 2

Proximodistal Principal

Back 2

development proceeds from the center of the body outwards

Front 3

Principal of Hierarchical Integration

Back 3

simple skills typically develop separately and independently late these simple skills are integrated into more complex ones

Front 4

Principal of the Independence of Systems

Back 4

which suggests that different body systems grow at different rates

Front 5

Plasticity

Back 5

the degree in which a developing structure or behavior is modified due to an experience

Front 6

Sensitive period

Back 6

point in development when organisms are particularly susceptible to certain kinds of stimuli in their environments.

Front 7

What is nonorganic failure to thrive?

Back 7

A disorder in which infants stop growing due to a lack of stimulation and attention as the result of inadequate parenting

Front 8

Mothers Milk

Back 8

Mothers Milk- contains all nutrient for necessary growth, helps immunity and childhood diseases

Front 9

Formula

Back 9

Parents argue could keep track of the amount of milk received and ensures child taking in sufficient nutrients

Front 10

Language Acquisition Device

Back 10

A neural system of the brain hypothesized to permit understanding of language

Front 11

Define Attachment

Back 11

the positive emotional bond that develops between a child and a particular individual

Front 12

Secure Attachment Pattern

Back 12

children use the mother as a kind of home base and are at ease when she is present, when she leaves, they become upset and go to her as soon as she returns.

Front 13

Avoidant Attachment Pattern

Back 13

children do not seek proximity to the mother, after the mother has left they seem to avoid her when she returns as if they are angered by her behavior

Front 14

Ambivalent Attachment Pattern

Back 14

Children display a combination of positive and negative reaction to their mothers they show great distress when the mother leaves, but upon her return they may simultaneously seek close contact but also hit or kick her

Front 15

Disorganized- Disoriented Attachment Pattern

Back 15

Children show inconsistent, often contradictory behavior such as approaching the mother when she returns but not looking at he, they may be the least securely attached children of all

Front 16

Temperament

Back 16

Patterns of arousal and emotionality that are consistent and enduring characteristics of an individual

Front 17

3 Infant Temperaments

Back 17

40% Easy babies- positive, body functions normal, curiosity

10% Difficult babies- negative moods, slow to adapt to new situations, withdrawal from new situations

15% slow- to - warm babies inactive, calm, mood generally negative, adapt slowly

35% remaining cant be categorized

Front 18

Piaget Development

Back 18

children learn much about the world by action on objects in their environment

Front 19

Schemes

Back 19

organized patterns of functioning that adapt and change with mental functioning

Front 20

Assimilation

Back 20

process in which people understand an experience in terms of their current stage of cognitive development and way of thinking

Front 21

Accommodation

Back 21

Changes in existing ways of thinking that occur in response to encounters with new stimuli or events

Front 22

Piagets Sensorimotor Period

Back 22

Earliest stage of cognitive growth 6 stages of sub growth

Front 23

6 Stages of sub growth according to Piaget

Back 23

1.simple reflexes - first month of life

2.first habits and primary circular reactions - 1-8

3.2nd Circular Reactions- 4-8

4.Coordination of 2nd circular reactions 8-12

5.Tertiary circular reactions 12-18

6. Beginnings of thought 18-2yrs

Front 24

Greatest Risk of Injury in Preschool years?

Back 24

accidents

Front 25

Information Processing Theory

Back 25

model that seeks to identify the way individuals take in, use and store information

Front 26

Zone of proximal development

Back 26

level at which child can almost perform a task independently, but needs assistance

Front 27

Associative Play

Back 27

2 or more children actually interact with one another by sharing or borrowing toys

Front 28

Cooperative Play

Back 28

Play in which children genuinely interact with one another taking turns, playing games, or devising contests

Front 29

20% higher then an average body weight is considered...

Back 29

obesity

Front 30

Way in which an individual combines words and phrases to form a sentence

Back 30

Syntax

Front 31

Type of play that involves action where children play with similar toys but do not interact with each other

Back 31

parallel

Front 32

Greatest increase in height and weight occurs during what year of life

Back 32

First

Front 33

internal search for information about others' feelings to explain the meaning of uncertain circumstances or events

Back 33

social referencing

Front 34

Most common form of child abuse

Back 34

Neglet

Front 35

Authoritarian Parents

Back 35

children - withdrawn, socially awkward children

Front 36

Uninvolved Parents

Back 36

children- emotionally detached, uninvolved and insecure

Front 37

Authoritative Parents

Back 37

children- independent, friendly, self- assertive and corporative children

Front 38

Permissive Parents

Back 38

children- dependent, moody children with low social skills

Front 39

What is the Wug Test

Back 39

How we learn language (3rd/4th grade) young children learn patterns in language they hear around them rather then imitating others

Front 40

Lev Vygotsky's Play Theories

Back 40

Stress fundamentals role of social interaction in development of cognition. He believed community plays a central role in process of making meaning

Front 41

"Goodness of Fit"

Back 41

Development dependent on degree of match between childrens temperaments and in which they are being raised

Front 42

Scaffolding

Back 42

supports learning and problem solving that encourages independence and growth

Front 43

Bandoras Bobo Doll experiment

Back 43

children do what they see, pick up behavior around them, and they see what they want vs. what they are told/ hear

Front 44

Erik Eriksons Preschool Stages of Development

Back 44

Stage 3 : Initative Vs. Guilt

- start choosing what they like to do

-know possession

-want to take on new tasks, plan, discover and make up games

-play and imagine