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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cyanide
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Found in rodenticides, silver polish, fruit pits, fires, burning plastic bags, silks, synthetic carpets. (extremely fast acting)
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Cyanide S/S
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Burning sensationin mouth and throat
headache, cofusion, combative, HTN, Tahcy followed by Hypotension and dysrythmias, seizures, coma, pulmonary edema |
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Cyanide Tx:
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PPE
remove pt from area initiate supportive care cyanide kit |
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Cyanide kit
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It converts some hemoglobin into methemoglobin which cyanide binds to, then it's broken down to thiocyanate that is excreted renally.
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CO poisoning
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Oderless and tasteless gas from the product of incomplete combustion. Causes effective hypoxia
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CO poisoning S/S
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Early Signs are simular to the flu
Headache, n/v , confusion/AMS, tachy breathing |
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CO poisoning Tx
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Definitive tx is hyperbarric chamber for high level of O2 therepy
PPE, remove pt, vent area, supportive care, high flow O2 |
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Cardiac Med
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Overdoses of these drugs are usually errors in dosages
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Cardiac Med S/S
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N/V, headache, dizziness, confusion, profound hypotension, dysrythmias, heart blocks, bronchospasm, pulmonary edema
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Cardiac Med Tx
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Standard toxocology assessment
Severe bradycardia may not respond to atropine ABC's Contact med control for assist. |
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Caustic Substances (acids)
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Ph less than 2 found in plumbing liquids and bathroom cleaners produces immediate severe pain due to tissue coagulation and necrosis. Contact injury will produce Eschar which will act like a shield and prevent further damage. Ingestion will cause local burns aroun the mouth and throat the stomach lining will be injured
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Caustic Substances (alkalines)
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Ph greater than 12.5 can be solid or liquid form like drano or liquid plumber. These agents cause injury by inducing liquefafcation necrosis, pain is delayed which allows for longer tissue contact and deeper tissue injury before exposure is recognized. Solid agents stick to the oropharynx or esophagus causing perferations, bleeding inflammation of the central chest structures. 2-3 days of exposure there is a loss of protective mucosal tissue.
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Caustic Substances S/S
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Facial burns
pain in lips, tongue, thraot, gums, drooling trouble swallowing, hoarsness, stridor, SOB, vomiting, shock |
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Caustic Substances Tx
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PPE
Toxocology emergency standards Airway managment ( might have to cric) Rapid transport |
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Hydrofluoric Acid
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Extremely toxic can be lethal despite the apperence of only moderate burns, it penetrates into tissues and is inactivated only when it contacts cations like calcium. It settles in the tissues as salt and removes calcium from the cells causing a disruption of cell function, even causes bone destruction, by pulling calcium from the bones. (death has been reported in exposures of less than 2.5 % BSA)
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Hydrofluoric Acid S/S
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Burning at site of contact
Trouble breathing Confusion Palpatations Muscle Cramps |
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Hydroflouric Acid Tx
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PPE
Supportive care Remove exposed clothing Irrigate Immerse limbs in iced water and Mag Sulfate Transport immediatly |
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Hydrocarbons
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Organic compounds, common names kerosene, naptha, turpentine, mineral oil, chloroform, paint , glue, lubricants, solvents. Routes include ingestion, inhalation, surface absorbtion
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Hydrocarbons S/S
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Burns due to local contact, wheezing, dyspnea, hypoxia, headache, dizziness, slurred speech, ataxia, dulled reflexes, foot and wrist drop with numbness and tingling, dysrythias
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Hydrocarbons tx
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Few poisonings are serious. If you know the exact chemical and pt is asymptomatic med control mayy aloow a refusal. If symptomatic supportive care utlize med control for assist. Activated Charcol will not bind with toxin. Gastric Lavage may be used
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Tricyclic Antidepressents
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Used for chronic pain or migranes, not so much for depression anymore. More deaths are from overdoses. Common agents: Elavil, Amoxopine, Doxepin, Imipramine, Nortriptyline
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Tricyclic Antidepressents S/S
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Dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation
LATE SIGNS: Confusion, Hyperthermia, Resp. depression, Seizures, Tachy with Hypotension, Dysrythmias |
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Tricyclic Antidepressents Tx
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Immediate toxicology Standard
Cardiac monitoring, if suspected overdose with benzo's do not use flumazanil, Use Bicarb, contact med control |
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MAOI
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Monomine Oxidase Inhibitors treat depression or obsessive compulsive disorder. These drugs inhibit the breakdown of nerotransmitters such as norepi and dopemine, Symptoms may not appear for up to 6 hrs
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MAOI S/S
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Headache, aggitation, restless, tremor, nausea, palpatations, tachycardia, severe hypertention, hyperthermia, eventualy bradycardia, hypotension, coma, death
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MAOI Tx
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No atidote exist
standard toxocolgy standard seizure control if needed, if vasopressors are needed use norepi |
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Cithium
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Treatment for bipolar disorders. Has a narrow theraputic index (don't take much to kill you)
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Cithium S/S
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Thirst, dry mouth, tremors, muscle twitching, confusion, stupor, seizures, coma, N/V, diarrhea, bradycardia, dysrhythmia
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Cithium Tx
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Supportive measures, alkalinizing the urine w/ bicarb and mannitol may increase elimination,of lithium,severe cases reguire hemodialysis
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