Chapter 33 Alterations Of Cardiovascular Function In Children

Front 1

Shunts are usually independent of systemic or pulmonary pressures and are solely the result of heart defects.

Back 1

False

Front 2

A patent ductus arteriosus or VSD is sometimes helpful when it is associated with other cardiac defects.

Back 2

True

Front 3

VSDs always require surgical closure.

Back 3

False

Front 4

In ASDs or VSDs, murmurs indicate defects.

Back 4

True

Front 5

Cyanosis is not a major finding in transposition of the great vessels because the blood is free to travel normally to the lungs.

Back 5

False

Front 6

Abnormal blood flow within the heart is usually referred to as a(n)

Back 6

Shunt

Front 7

In VSD, the shunt direction is generally __ to __ .

Back 7

left, right

Front 8

Cyanotic defects usually shunt to __ to __ .

Back 8

right, left

Front 9

Cyanosis that results from cardiac defects is usually caused by a mixture of __ and
__ blood.

Back 9

oxygenated, unoxygenated

Front 10

Some cardiac defects are not obvious at birth because systemic and pulmonary pressures are nearly __ at that point.

Back 10

equal

Front 11

The patent ductus arteriosus has a(n) __ to __ shunt.

Back 11

left, right

Front 12

The ductus arteriosus should be totally closed within the __  of life.

Back 12

first weeks

Front 13

Thickening or restriction of the valve from the right ventricle is known as  __.

Back 13

pulmonary stenosis of the aorta

Front 14

Defects that obstruct outflow from the ventricles tend to cause increased __ , which may lead to __ .

Back 14

afterload, CHF

Front 15

Narrowing of the great vessel leading to the systemic circulation is known as __.

Back 15

Coarctation of

Front 16

Associated with dyspnea when feeding

Back 16

e. left heart failure

Front 17

Likely associated with an infectious
etiology and an autoimmune response

Back 17

a. Kawasaki disease

Front 18

Vasculitis associated with aneurysm

Back 18

a. Kawasaki disease

Front 19

If mild, often self-correcting

Back 19

b. VSD

Front 20

Blue spells

Back 20

c. tetralogy of Fallot

Front 21

ASD, overriding aorta, PS, right ventricular hypertrophy

Back 21

c. tetralogy of Fallot

Front 22

Common complication of congenital heart defects

Back 22

e. left heart failure

Front 23

Immediate cyanosis and distress after birth

Back 23

d. transposition of the great vessels

Front 24

Two separate circulatory systems

Back 24

d. transposition of the great vessels

Front 25

May be associated with coronary thrombosis

Back 25

a. Kawasaki disease

Front 26

Sustained HTN - Newborn

Back 26

Renal artery thrombosis and stenosis, congenital renal malformation, COA, bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Front 27

Sustained HTN - > 6 yr

Back 27

Renal parenchymal disease (RPD), COA, renal artery stenosis

Front 28

Sustained HTN - 6-10 yr

Back 28

Renal artery stenosis, RPD, primary hypertension
> 10yr

Front 29

Sustained HTN - > 10 yr

Back 29

Primary hypertension, RPD

Front 30

false

Back 30

Shunts are usually independent of systemic or pulmonary pressures and are due solely to defects within the heart.

Front 31

true

Back 31

A patent ductus arterioles or VSD is sometimes helpful when it is associated with other cardiac defects.

Front 32

false

Back 32

VSDs always require surgical closure.

Front 33

true

Back 33

In ASDs or VSDs, murmurs indicate defects.

Front 34

false

Back 34

Cyanosis is not a major finding in transposition of the great vessels because the blood is free to travel normally to the lungs.

Front 35

shunt

Back 35

Abnormal blood flow direction within the heart is usually referred to as a _________.

Front 36

left, right

Back 36

In VSDs, the shunt is generally _____ to ______.

Front 37

right, left

Back 37

Cyanotic defects usually shunt ______ to _____.

Front 38

oxygenated, unoxygenated

Back 38

Cyanosis due to cardiac defects is usually due to a mixture of ________ and _____ blood.

Front 39

equal

Back 39

Some cardiac defects are not obvious at birth because systemic and pulmonary pressures are nearly ____ at that point.

Front 40

left, right

Back 40

The patent ductus arteriosus has a ______ to _____ shunt.

Front 41

first weeks

Back 41

The ductus arteriosus should be totally closed with the _____ ____ of life.

Front 42

pulmonary stenosis

Back 42

Thickening or restriction of the flow from the right ventricle is known as ______ ______.

Front 43

afterload, congestive heart failure

Back 43

Defects that obstruct outflow from the ventricles tend to cause increased _______, which may lead to _____ ____ _____.

Front 44

coarctation of the aorta

Back 44

Narrowing of the great vessel that leads to the systemic circulation is known as ____ ____ ___.

Front 45

left heart failure

Back 45

_____ _____ ____ is associated with dyspnea when feeding.

Front 46

kawasaki disease

Back 46

_____ ____ is likely associated with an infectious etiology and an autoimmune response.

Front 47

kawasaki disease

Back 47

______ ______ has vasculitis associated with aneurysm.

Front 48

VSD

Back 48

If a ____ is mild, it is often self-correcting.

Front 49

tetralogy of Fallot

Back 49

_____ ____ ____ is associated with "blue spells".

Front 50

tetralogy of Fallot

Back 50

_____ ____ ____ is associated with VSD, overriding aorta, pulmonic stenosis, and right ventricular hypertrophy.

Front 51

left heart failure

Back 51

____ _____ ____ is a common complication of congenital heart defects.

Front 52

transposition of the great vessels

Back 52

______ ____ ____ ____ is associated with immediate cyanosis and distress at birth.

Front 53

transposition of the great vessels

Back 53

_____ _____ ____ ____ is associated with two separate circulatory systems.

Front 54

kawasaki disease

Back 54

_____ ______ may be associated with coronary thrombosis.