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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who is credited with helping to invent modern political science? |
Machiavelli is credited with helping to invent modern political science. |
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Who was Erasmus?
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Dutch Renaissance philosopher Erasmus was one of the leading humanists in the Renaissance era. Working in the late 15th and early 16th centuries, Erasmus sought to provide a humanist interpretation of canonical religious texts such as the Christian New Testament. |
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Who is considered to be the father of modern science? |
Galileo |
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Who is Francis Bacon? |
Philosopher and scientist, Francis Bacon developed methods for conducting scientific inquiry. His work on inductive reasoning provided an important framework for the development of later scientific knowledge. |
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Who is known as the father of liberalism? |
Philosopher John Locke argued that governments should have limited power and that individuals should be protected in their life, health, liberty, and possessions. Known as the father of liberalism, Locke influenced political thinkers who wanted to limit the power of absolutist monarchs and expand individual rights. |
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What is Voltaire best known for? |
Voltaire is perhaps best known for his contributions on civil liberties, particularly freedom of religion. |
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Who was Denis Diderot? |
Denis Diderot. An accomplished philosopher and writer, Diderot is best known as the editor of and primary contributor to the Encyclopédie. Diderot was interested in didactic literature that helped individuals learn from text. |
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What is Baron de Montesquieu known for?
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This political philosopher popularized the notion of separation of powers that is a central component of modern democratic governments. |
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What is Jean-Jacques Rousseau known for? |
Rousseau popularized the idea of natural human rights. In The Social Contract and Émile, or On Education, Rousseau described politics and education as emerging from a natural condition of innate human goodness. |
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What was The Glorious Revolution? |
In 1685, James II succeeded his brother Charles II as king of England. The English people feared the new monarch’s Catholicism, and his authoritarian policies posed grave threats to traditional liberties. After James’s wife produced a male heir to the throne, Parliament invited William of Orange to invade England, beginning what is now known as the Glorious Revolution. William III and Mary II became the new monarchs, and parliamentary government was strengthened. Monarchs would rule by consent of Parliament, and their power was limited; citizens gained civil liberties such as freedom of speech and freedom of association. |
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During the 16th and 17th centuries, how did the relationship between aristocrats and monarchs change? |
Aristocrats became less independent of monarchs. |
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Describe the Romantic movement in literature and art
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Developing in Europe, the romantic movement began near the end of the 1700s and continued until about the mid 1800s. It was particularly strong in Britain and Germany. The movement emphasized imagination over reason, nature and sensation, and symbolism and myth. Authors, especially poets, emphasized the self (e.g., Whitman’s Song of Myself), the romantic hero (e.g., Goethe’s The Sorrows of Young Werther), and the beautiful soul in the body of a beast (e.g., Hugo’s The Hunchback of Notre Dame). Artists painted nature scenes (e.g., Constable, Gaertner, artists of the Hudson Valley school) and incorporated religious and nationalistic imagery into sculptures. |
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Describe The Realist Movement in Literature and Art |
During the mid-19th century, authors and artists shifted away from idealized views of the world and moved toward more accurate depictions of the societies in which they lived. These realists often focused on the working class, revolution and its outcomes, brutality, and death. Flaubert’s novel Madame Bovary, Ibsen’s play A Doll’s House, and Courbet’s painting The Burial at Ornans are examples. |
