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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Plasma Membrane |
Known as the "gatekeeper" |
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Biological Membranes |
Are phospholipid bilayers Are semipermeable Hydrophilic heads align toward water Hydrophobic heads align away from water
Proteins are embedded here Integral - tightly bound Peripheral - on surface |
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Functions of membrane proteins |
1. Ion Channels - ions pass 2. Transporter - larger molecules (glucose) 3. Receptors - hormone binding (specifically protein hormones), protein hormones never enter the cell. 4. Enzymes - embedded in membranes 5. Cell Identity Markers - tells wether something belongs or not. On the surface. Only cell that doesn't have identity markers are RBC's. 6. Linkers - anchor cells and internal structures (intercalated discs). |
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Two types of transport for materials across plasma membrane? |
Passive and Active |
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Passive Processes |
Simple Diffusion Channel mediated diffusion Facilitated diffusion Osmosis |
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Simple Diffusion
A. What is simple diffusion?
B. What effects the rate of diffusion?
C. What DOES diffuse into cells? |
A. Movement from higher concentration to lower concentration.
B. What effects the rate of diffusion? Temperature, size (mass) of diffusing substance (gasses better than liquids), density, distance to travel (in lung .5), concentration difference.
C. What DOES diffuse into cells? Oxygen, anything lipid, alcahol |
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Channel Mediated Diffusion |
Ions and water |
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Facilitated Diffusion |
Movement by transporter proteins.
Very specific (ex. Glucose)
Become more active when insulin binds. |
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Osmosis |
Diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane.
Isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic |
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Isotonic |
The concentration is the same both inside and outside the cell. RBC's = 99.1%
The saline solution for IV's = 99.1% H2O and .9% NaCl |
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Hypotonic |
Solute concentration of outside the cell is LOW. (Swells and burst)
Ex: if saline is .7% it would cause RBC's to swell and burst. Patient dead 😱. |
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Hypertonic |
Solute concentration outside the cell is HIGH. (Shrivels)
Ex: if you give a patient saline too high in NaCl the RBC's will "sweat" and shrivel. |
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Active processes |
Cost the cell energy (ATP) Think of ATP like cash. Primary, secondary, vesicles |
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Primary Active Transport |
Uses transporters and energy to move low ➡️ high concentration.
(Concentrating uses active transport) |
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Secondary Transport |
Energy stored in a concentration gradient used to move other substances |
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Vesicles |
Endocytosis and Exocytosis |
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Vesicles |
Endocytosis and Exocytosis |
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Endocytosis |
Movement of large particles into cell by vesicles formation. (WBC's)
Phagocytosis Pinocytosis |
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Phagocytosis |
Eating something solid (cell feeding) |
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Pinocytosis |
Cell drinking |
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Exocytosis |
Movement of large particles out of the cell. Vesicles fuse with plasma membrane. |
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Cell Division |
Cell cycle Stages of mitosis |
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Cell Division |
Cell cycle Stages of mitosis |
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Interphase |
Most cells are in this phase. (G1, *S, G2) G = growth S = copying DNA If a cell moves from G1 to S it's decided to divide. |
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Mitosis |
PMAT |
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Prophase |
(Ball of dark lines with no membrane)
Nuclear membrane & a nucleolus disintegrate.
Chromatin fibers coil tightly to become chromosomes.
Centrosomes begin to produce spindle fibers. |
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Metaphase |
(Dark line attached to spindle fiber)
Chromosomes attached to spindle fibers are aligned on the middle of the cell. |
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Anaphase |
(Dark line pulled apart) spindle fibers pull sister chromatids apart at their centromere. |
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Telophase |
(Boobs) The identical sets of chromosomes now at the opposite poles begin to uncoil to become chromatin.
Nuclear membranes & nuclei reform.
Look for cleavage furrow.
*Cytokenesis Occurs |
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Cytokenesis |
Division of the cytoplasm by cleavage furrow formation. |
