Chapter 3-Schools Of Therapy

Front 1

Transgenerational Theory

Back 1

-emphasis on powerful influences and past generations
-roots in psychoanalytic, object relations
-unresolved thoughts/issues are passed from generations
-interaction in FOO effect current relationships/interactions
-problems are maintained through patterns

Front 2

What does treatment intel in Transgenerational therapy?

Back 2

-making unconscious issues, conscious (insight)
-insights lead to new ways of interacting (working through)

Front 3

What models of therapy are considered transgenerational therapy?

Back 3

Bowen, Contexual FT

Front 4

Contextual therapy

Back 4

-known emphasis on fairness and for applying human psychology to it
-discuss relational ethics
-interested in future generations
-legacy passed down
-entitlements-what is fairly due to family members
-ledger-each member balances debts and entitlements
-fair accountability

Front 5

According to Nagy Relational ethics are____.

Back 5

the force holding families together through reliabiity and trustworthiness

Front 6

Theory of Normnal Development and dysfunction-4 diminsions

Back 6

4 diminsions-
1. Facts-attributes people are born with: gender, ethnicity, birth defects, divorce, abuse illness
2. Psychology-what happens within the person-thoughts, fantasies, emotions, meanings
3. Transactions-pattern of family organization-heirarchy, triangles, transactional interactions
4. Relational ethics-people are ethically responsible for their behaviors on others

Front 7

according to Nagy Equitable asymmtry is

Back 7

most of the giving goes to the child

Front 8

Merit according to Nagy

Back 8

if a parent is fair they earn a merit-solidifies child loyalty

Front 9

According to Contextual therapy a filial loyalty, filial responsibility and debts

Back 9

-As children get older they have responsibilities to their families or a filial loyality/responsibility. Children begin to accrue debts

Front 10

Describe destructive entitlement

Back 10

-Abused, mistreated or unloved children begin to believe they are owed by others and attempt to satisfy need for what they believe is due to them
-this is seen as the cause of famiyl dysfunction

Front 11

Describe parentification

Back 11

child acted as care giver to their parent

Front 12

Describe revolving slate of injustice

Back 12

passing destructive entitlements through generations.

Front 13

Split filial loyality

Back 13

child is asked to pick between parents

Front 14

Rejunctive vs. disjunctive

Back 14

Rejunctive-moves TOWARDS trustworthiness
Disjunctive-moves AWAY from trustworthiness

Front 15

How are clients assessed using contexutal therapy?

Back 15

-therapist looks at trust-asks questions about availabilty of members to one another
-trust building with family
-Genograms
-looks at facts, psychology, transations and relational ethics in family

Front 16

How are clients treated using contextual therapy?

Back 16

-goal: clients to free themselves of invisiable loyalities that damage the family
-family members take responsibility for themselves
-rejunctive effort-finding options for giving and recieving in family

Front 17

Explain multidirectional partiality

Back 17

therapists are accountable to everyone in family. All interventions must serve best interest of every family member
-The therapist is not impartial or neutral
-therapist respects all members of family, even deceased
-Therapist balances partiality by looking at accountability

Front 18

Explain exoneration

Back 18

process by which trust is restored from destructive entitlements

Front 19

Which theorists are associated with Object Relations therapy?

Back 19

james Framo, Norman Paul, Jill Scharff and David Scharff

Front 20

What are the goals of Object relations therapy?

Back 20

insight and working through. Goals change as amily members grown

Front 21

What kind of techniques are used in Object relations therapy?

Back 21

psychoanalytic techniques such as listening, responding to unconscious material, interpreting, working with transference

Front 22

Antilibindinal ego vs. Libidinal ego vs. central ego

Back 22

-Libidinal ego-need, excitment, longing
-Anitlibindinal ego-aggression, rage and contempt
-Central ego-neutral-deals with future experiences and ego.

Front 23

Libidinal system is similar to freud in what way

Back 23

i.e id (antilibidinal ego), ego (central ego) , superego (libidinal ego)

Front 24

What was Melanie Klein's role in the development of object relations therapy

Back 24

provided a way of thinking why people in families or groups treat each other as they do

Front 25

Define insight and working through according to object relations theory

Back 25

-insight-the process of clients gaining an understasndi9ng of unconscious issues that affect their relationships
-working through-process of translating insights into new ways of behaving

Front 26

Define transference according to object relations theory

Back 26

client's unconscious tendancy to project unresolved issues onto therapist and other family members

Front 27

Define interpretations according to object relations theory

Back 27

-therapist's hypothesis and causes of current difficulties
-Goal of interpretation is to make unconscious material conscious

Front 28

describe countertransference

Back 28

therapists reactions to clients based on own history

Front 29

Robert fairburn

Back 29

main theorist responsible for object relations theory

Front 30

How did James Framo extend the work of fairburn's object relations theory

Back 30

-worked with family of origin
-objects-internalized representations of one's caretaker
-Introject-internalized objects defined as good or bad
-ideal object, rejecting object, exciting object, central ego, rejecting ego, exciting ego

Front 31

Define Ideal object, exciting object, central ego, rejecting ego and exciting ego according to Framo

Back 31

-ideal object-feels of satisfation
-rejecting object-feels of anger
-exciting object-feelings of longing
-central ego-conscious, adaptable, satisfied with ideal object
-rejecting ego-unconscious, inflexable

Front 32

Define projective identification according to framo

Back 32

-distortions unconsciously passed from parent to child

Front 33

what is the name of the group that created strategic therapy and who was in it?

Back 33

Palo Alto Group-Bateson, Haley, Milton Erikson, Weakland, William Fry, Don Jackson

Front 34

Name the 6 characteristics of a double bind

Back 34

1. involves 2+ people
2. Pattern of communication is repeated
3. involves a command not to do something for fear of punishment
4. involves second command under threat of punishment that contridicts first command
5. A third negative command demands a respones and prevents escape
6. The recipient becomes conditioned to respond and the entire sequence is no longer neccessary to maintain the symptom

Front 35

Erikson's assumptions

Back 35

1. people have the ability to solve their own problems
2. change could be fast
3. client's resistance to change could bring about change

Front 36

Paradoxal intervention

Back 36

A paradox is a contradiction/puzzle. Paradoxical interventions on based on the notion that families in crisis are resistant to change. Ex: forbid family to change

Front 37

Defining characteristics of strategic therapy

Back 37

1. focus on current family communication problems
2. treatment goals created from the problem/symptom created
3. Belief that change can be rapid and does not require insight into the cause of the problem
4. The use of resistance to promote change

Front 38

Cybernetics

Back 38

study of how systems are self regulating by using feedback loops

Front 39

Negative Feedback loops

Back 39

ways that families correct a deviation in family functioning to return it to previous state

Front 40

Positive feedback loops

Back 40

arise when family adds new information into the system. These create problems as they create new solutions to change problem that make it worse

Front 41

First order change

Back 41

family patterns/interactions are altered at behavioral level. ex:child begins to listen to parents directives

Front 42

Second Order change

Back 42

family rules or underlying beliefs are altered.
ex: child understands that he is loved by father

Front 43

6 step process to treatment in strategic family therapy

Back 43

1. introduction to the treatment set up-basic information explained (ex: confidentality)
2. Inquiry into and definition of the problem-problem that brought clients into therapy is clearly defined
3. Estimation of the behaviors maintaining the problem-therapist inquires into problem until they have a clear understanding of what rules are maintaining it
4. a. Setting therapy goals
b. Explore previous attempts to solve problem
5. Selecting and maintaining behavioral interventions-reframing, paradoxical interventions, restraining techniques, positioning
6. Termination-therapy ends when behavior changes

Front 44

Reframing according to strategic theory

Back 44

use of language to give new meaning to situation

Front 45

Types of Paradoxical interventions

Back 45

1. Symptom Prescription-compliance vs. defiance based (does therapist want client to comply?
2. Restraining techniques-family members are asked to slowly change or not to change at all
3. Positioning-The therapist exaggerates the family's explanation of the problem to the point that the family disagrees

Front 46

9 main principles of breif therapy

Back 46

1. symptom oriented
2. problems are viewed as faulty interactions
3. symptoms come from problems that have been mishandled
4. transitions in the family life cylce are most common and vunerable problems
5. problems are maintained by positive feedback loops
6. chronic symptoms are a problem that has been mishandled
7. solution to problem requires an interuption in positive feedback loops
8. paradoxical, illogical interventions succeed in changing a families behavior
9. change is most likely to occur if goals are small and clearly stated

Front 47

Discuss Haley's 4 step approach to Strategic therapy

Back 47

1. Social stage: Therapist greets family members
2. Problem stage: Therapist asks each member of family individually what the problem is and what changes they would like to see
3. Interaction stage- therapist asks the clients to interact with one another, discussing the problem or even acting it out. Therapist should have little involvement during this stage. Therapist should be testing their hypothesis.
4. Goal setting stage-The therapist helps define goals in measurable way and then gives a directive. Directives should alter family rules and help change patterns

Front 48

Define Ordeals according to strategic therapy

Back 48

directives that make symptom harder to keep than to give up. ex: directing someone to increase amount they fight with one another

Front 49

Define strategic humanism according to strategic theory

Back 49

increasing families ability to soothe, rather than attempt to control

Front 50

Describe how Mandanes conducted strategic therapy

Back 50

Madanes uses a structural approach to solving problems, but is still considered strategic because of interventions used. Mandanes worked with parents who triangulated their children into their problems to avoid working on their own problems.

Front 51

Name and describe some of the techniques used by Mandanes

Back 51

1. Dramatization-children act out problem
2. Pretending-child pretends to have a symptom and the parent attempts to solve problem
3. Make believe play-child pretends to help parent solve parent's problem