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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gamete |
A mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote. |
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Zygote |
A diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes a fertilized ovum. |
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Conception |
The moment the creation of a offspring begins. |
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Monozygotic vs dizygotic twins. In which case can you have a pair with differing genders? |
Monozygotic: twins are identical twins that were one ova and sperm that became a zygot the zygot is then split in half and becomes two different offspring. Dizygotic : Share no more genetic info than any other sibling since both are always there own entity and there never shared the same zygot at any point. Dizygotic twins are the only twins with seperate genders that are able to be produced based on the fact that monozgotic twins were made of a zygote that had a XY or a XX chromosome but it cant be both there for dizygotic twins are the only twins capable of being sperate genders. |
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Colostrum |
The first section from the mammary glands after giving birth. |
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Cervix |
The narrow necklike passage forming the lower end of the uterus. |
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Placenta |
A flattend circular organ in the uterus of pregnant eutherian mammals, nourishing and maintaining the fetus through the umbilical chord. |
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Organogenesis |
The production and development of the organs of an animal or plant. |
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Neuron |
A specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses a nerve cell. |
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Synaptogenesis |
Is the formation synapses between neurons in the nervous system. |
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Teratogen |
An agent or factor that causes malformation of an embryo |
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Amnion |
The innermost membrane that encloses the embryo of a mammal bird or reptile. |
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Umbilical chord |
A flexible cordlike structure containing blood vessels and attaching a human or other mammalian fetus to the placenta during gestation |
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Dilation vs effacement |
Dilation refers to the opening if the cervix while effaces refers to the cervix thinning to let the baby out. |
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How many chromosome does the humam genome contain? |
23 |
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What are the first 22 pairs of chromosomes called? |
Autsomes |
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What are the last chromosomes called and what do they create |
They are called the sex chromosomes and determine the sex if the child |
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Why has the rate if multiples birth increased in Canada |
Because women are having babies earlier in life and are more likely to conceive multiples after 35 |
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Explain the concept of assisted human reproduction |
Sperm is directly injected into the uterus . |
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Describe the term pregnancy |
The condition or period of being pregnant with a offspring. |
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Define prenatal development |
Prenatal development refers to the process of being pregnant and the development of a offspring during a period of pregnancy . |
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Define cephalocaudal |
This is a development pattern during pregnancy which defines the offsprings development from the head down ( so nerves brain eyes etc) |
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Proximodistal |
This defines a offsprings development from the inside out ( organ system development initiates prior to bones in hands) |
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Describe the three prenatal stages of development |
Germinal stage: this starts from conception to approx 1-2 weeks . the zygote rapidly divides by day 5 it becomes a fluid filled ball called a blastocyte . Inside this blastocyte cell specialisation occurs ( embryo cells vs other structures such as amnion or umbilical chord) Embryonic stage: this occurs around the third week of prenatal development the offspring begins to develop into a human like shape then the embryo divides into three layers each of whic eventually develops into a system of the human body as well as the forming of the neural tube which will later be the chore of the neural system. The fetal stage: this stage begins at the ninth week of development and consists of the current offspring transforming into what we call the fetus . Other notable characteristics are sex organs developing the brain and the spinal chord. |
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Autosomal disorders |
The autosomal set of disorders within birth are caused by the transmission of certain dominant recessive genes. In the dominant category of genetic autosomal disorders if the gene is present the disorder will be given to the child. As where the recessive category is usually hidden in the DNA of the offspring . Dominant: Huntington's disease Extra fingers Migraine headaches Recessive Pku Suckle cell disease Tay sachs disease |
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Define what a trisomy is |
A condition in which an extra copy of a chromosome is present in the cell nuclei causing developmental abnormalities. |
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What are 4 sex chromosome anomalies and what are their symptoms? |
Female abnormalities Turner syndrome : occurs when females inherit only one x chromosome if theu survive birth they have physical charicteristics like abnormal growth patterns short, height and have webbed necks (extra skin on necks) slight mental retardation is also apparent in some cases. Triple x syndrome : occurs in women who inherit three x chromosomes their genotype is xxx or can even be xxxx/xxxxx as adults these people are perceived as super females due to their height some genetic abnormalities can lead to early ovarian failure they may as well have slight learning difficulties especially with speech and language skills. Male abnormalities Klinefelter syndrome: males inherit one or more extra x chromosomes their geno type is xxy ore sometimes xy/xxy mosaic. In rare cases they have high pitched voices a sexual feminine body contours as well as breast enlargement. Xy/xxy generally have the least problems there is no evidence to suggest Klinefelter syndrome boys or men are homosexual but usually are less interested in sex due to low testosterone. Xxy syndrome : males inherit an extra y chromosome their genotype is xyy sometimes referred to as super males they usually produce high amounts of testosterone are above 6 feet tall usually and during puberty can have clumsy reactions or large amounts of facial acne |
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Explain two maternal viruses that can act as a teratogen. |
Hiv Rubella German measles |
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What are some drugs that can cause damage to a developing fetus? |
Tobacco and alchohol |
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What are the 3 stages of labour? |
Dilation and effacement Actual delivery After birth |
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What are some of the different types of birth care used |
Birth attendant Doulas |
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What are the 4 alternative birthing locations in canada? |
Hospital/maternity ward Birth centre or birthing room(within hospital) Free standing birth center Home birth |
