Chapter 3: Physiology & Histology Of The Skin

Front 1

Physiology is most accurately described as the study of the

Back 1

Functions of the body structures

Front 2

The largest organ of the body is

Back 2

The skin

Front 3

Sensory nerve fibers are most abundant in the

Back 3

Fingertips

Front 4

The average body’s internal thermostat is set at _____ degrees Fahrenheit.

Back 4

98.6

Front 5

Appendages of the skin include

Back 5

Hair, nails, sweat and oil glands (all of the above)

Front 6

What removes and depletes lipids ?

Back 6

Exfoliation

Front 7

Which glands excrete perspiration?

Back 7

Sudoriferous

Front 8

What does the skin protect against?

Back 8

Outside elements and microorganisms

Front 9

The barrier function of the skin includes

Back 9

Acid mantle

Front 10

The sebaceous glands

Back 10

Excrete sebum

Front 11

Some states define the estheticians scope of practice as “not beyond the DEJ,” which means that estheticians are to treat _____

Back 11

The epidermis only

Front 12

About 95 percent of the epidermis us made up of

Back 12

Keratinocytes

Front 13

What is the average ph of the acid mantle

Back 13

5.5

Front 14

What does TEWL stand for?

Back 14

Transepidermal water loss

Front 15

The intercellular cement between epidermal cells is made up of

Back 15

Lipids

Front 16

The immune cells that mature in the thymus gland and attack virus infected cells, foreign cells, and cancer cells are the

Back 16

T cells

Front 17

Which description most accurately describes the stratum lucidum

Back 17

The clear cells

Front 18

What is the average adult skin cell turnover rate

Back 18

28 days

Front 19

Desquamation is the _____.

Back 19

Shedding of keratinocytes from the skin

Hint 19

Shedding of keratinocytes from the skin

Front 20

Squamous cells are _______.

Back 20

Flat, scaly cells

Front 21

Which layer of the epidermis is located just below the stratum corneum ?

Back 21

Stratum lucidum

Front 22

On which of these parts of the body is the skin the thickest ?

Back 22

Palms

Front 23

Keratin and intercellular lipids are formed in the _____.

Back 23

Stratum granulosum

Front 24

Which layer of the skin contains melanocytes ?

Back 24

Stratum germinativum

Front 25

Mitosis occurs in which layer of the skin?

Back 25

Stratum Germinativum

Front 26

Which cells in the Basel layer produce pigment granules ?

Back 26

Melanocytes

Front 27

The thickest layer of the skin is called the _____.

Back 27

Dermis

Front 28

The two layers of the dermis are the

Back 28

Papillary and reticular layers

Front 29

What is the technical term for a nail

Back 29

Onyx

Front 30

How long does it take for a fingernail to fully grow out ?

Back 30

Four to six months

Front 31

Stretch marks are causes by

Back 31

Damaged elastin fibers

Front 32

The primary cause of wrinkles is the damage and loss of ______.

Back 32

Elastin

Front 33

Subcutis, or ______ tissue, is found below the reticular layer in the dermis.

Back 33

Adipose

Front 34

Identify the answer that is not a layer of the epidermis

Back 34

Stratum epithelium

Front 35

If you have folliculitis, you have

Back 35

An inflammation of the follicle

Front 36

Which fibers stimulate the arrector pili muscles

Back 36

Motor nerves

Front 37

Differences in genetic skin color are due to the

Back 37

Amount of melanin activated in the skin

Front 38

Products that suppress melanin production by interrupting biochemical processes are referred to as ______.

Back 38

Tyrosinase Inhibitor

Front 39

Apocrine glands are most active

Back 39

During emotional changes

Front 40

What do cells need in order to survive

Back 40

Nourishment, ability to function, and protection (all of the above)

Front 41

Which of the following stimulates cell turnover?

Back 41

Alpha hydroxy acids

Front 42

Identify the greatest aging effect on skin

Back 42

UV rays

Front 43

________ are known as burning rays because they cause burning of the skin, tanning, aging, and cancer.

Back 43

UVB rays

Front 44

Approximately ______ percent of aging Is caused by sun exposure.

Back 44

80 to 85

Front 45

As estrogen depletes, skin begins to _______

Back 45

Lose its tone

Front 46

What is the main function of secretory nerve fibers?

Back 46

Regulate excretion from the sweat glands and control sebum output

Front 47

_________ are made up of neurons that form a network of pathways for conducting information throughout the body.

Back 47

Nerves

Front 48

Nerve fibers send messages to the _______ system and brain to react to heat and cold.

Back 48

Central nervous

Front 49

Why are apocrine glands not considered true sweat glands by some medical authorities?

Back 49

Their openings connect to oil glands instead of pore openings

Front 50

Which system controls the excretion of sweat?

Back 50

Nervous system

Front 51

The _______ glands secrete oil and the __________ glands secrete sweat.

Back 51

Sebaceous;Sudoriferous

Front 52

The loss of excess fluid may lead to what in the body?

Back 52

Dehydration

Front 53

What are cordlike bundles of fibers made up of neurons through which sensory stimuli pass?

Back 53

Nerves

Front 54

Where are the largest sebaceous glands found?

Back 54

On the face

Front 55

Free radicals take electrons from compounds in the body. Which of the following is not considered and antioxidant?

Back 55

Collagen

Front 56

Glycation, an intrinsic part of the aging process, is caused by what ?

Back 56

Rise in blood sugar

Front 57

What can an esthetician suggest to a client experiencing menopause to balance their estrogen level?

Back 57

Hormone replacement therapy